Syntax Vocabulary.

Question 1

Syntax

Answer 1

How sentences and other phrases can be constructed out of smaller phrases and words.

Question 2

linguistic expressions

Answer 2

a piece of language ; a piece of language with a form, a meaning, and syntactic properties.

Question 3

grammatical

Answer 3

a term used to describe a sentence that is in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of some language, especially syntactic rules. When some phrasal expression is constructed in accordance with the syntactic rules of a language, we say it is grammatical or syntactically well-formed.

Question 4

ungrammatical

Answer 4

not in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of some language, especially syntactic rules. When some phrasal expressions not constructed in accordance with the syntactic rules of a language, say it is ungrammatical or syntactically ill-formed.

Question 5

semantics

Answer 5

the study of linguistic meaning.

Question 6

subject

Answer 6

an expression, typically a noun phrase, that occurs to the left of the verb in an English sentence.

Question 7

principle of compositionality

Answer 7

the notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meanings of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined.

Question 8

lexical expressions

Answer 8

a linguistic expression that has to be listed in the mental Lexicon, e.g., single-word expressions and idioms.

Question 9

phrasal expressions

Answer 9

a linguistic expression that results form the syntactic combination of smaller expressions. A multi-word linguistic expression. A sentence is a special kind of phrasal expression

Question 10

syntactic properties

Answer 10

Properties of linguistic expression that dictate how they can syntactically combine with other expression, namely, word order and co-occurence properties.

Question 11

Word order

Answer 11

the linear order in which words can occur in some phrasal expression. Also, the set of syntactic properties of expressions that dictates how they can be ordered with respect to other expressions.

Question 12

determiners

Answer 12

the name of lexical category and syntactic category that consists of expressions such as the, a, this, all, etc. Syntactically, consists of those expressions that when combines with an expression of category noun to their right result in an expression of category noun phrase.

Question 13

topicalized sentences

Answer 13

a syntactic process by which (in English) a syntactic constituent occurs at the beginning of a sentence in order to highlight the topic under discussion.

Question 14

grammaticality judgement

Answer 14

an instance of a native speaker of some language deciding whether some sting of words corresponds to a syntactically well-formed or grammatical phrasal expression in their native language

Question 15

intransitive verbs

Answer 15

the name for the set of lexical expression whose syntactic category is verb phrase.

Question 16

pro-forms

Answer 16

a word, (e.g. pronoun) that can replace a syntactic constituent .

Question 17

syntactic constituent

Answer 17

a group of linguistic expressions that function as a syntactic unit within some larger expression; the smaller expressions out of which some larger phrasal expression was constructed in accordance e with the phrase structure rules.

Question 18

substitution

Answer 18

in syntax, a constituency test that involves replacing a constituent with a single word (or simple phrase), such as a pro-form. In language processing, a production error in which one unit is replace with another.

Question 19

syntactic categories

Answer 19

a group of expressions that have very similar syntactic properties. All expressions that belong to the same syntactic category have more or less the same syntactic distribution

Question 20

syntactic distribution

Answer 20

Refers to the set of syntactic environments in which an expression can occur. If two expressions are interchangeable in all syntactic environments, we say that they have the same syntactic distribution and therefore belong to the same syntactic categories.

Question 21

sentential complement verbs

Answer 21

the name of syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with a sentence to their right result in a verb phrase; a verb that needs a sentence as its compliment

Question 22

sentence

Answer 22

a syntactic category that consists of all phrasal expression that can grammatically occur in Sally thinks that___.

Question 23

noun phrases

Answer 23

the name of a s syntactic category that consists of proper names names, pronouns, and all other expressions with the same syntactic distribution

Question 24

nouns

Answer 24

the name of a lexical category and syntactic category. Morphologically, consists of words to which the plural suffix -s or the suffix -like can be added. Syntactically, consists of expressions that can combine with determiners to their left, the resulting expression being of category noun phrase.

Question 25

lexical ambiguity/ Homophony

Answer 25

the phenomenon where a single word is the form of two or more distinct linguistic expressions that differ in meaning or distinct linguistic expressions that differ in meaning or syntactic properties. - have the same form

Question 26

VP adjuncts

Answer 26

the kind of adjunct that combines with an expression of syntactic category verb phrase with the resulting expression also being of category verb phrase.

Question 27

mass nouns

Answer 27

in simple terms, a noun that can not be counted and cannot (normally) ben pluralized.

Question 28

Prepositional phrase

Answer 28

the name of syntactic category that consists of those expressions that contain a proportion and noun phrase. can be verb phrase adjuncts or noun adjuncts

Question 29

preposition

Answer 29

the name of a lexical category and syntactic category that consists of expressions such as ,of, in, for, with, etc. Syntactically, this category consists of those expressions that when combined with an expression of category noun phrase to their right result in an expression of category prepositional phrase.

Question 30

phrase structure rules

Answer 30

A recipe for syntactically combining expressions of certain syntactic categories. Along with the lexicon, phrase structure rules are a part of descriptive grammar of some language. Phrase structure rules are a part of a descriptive grammar of some language. Phrase structure rules

Question 31

lexical entries

Answer 31

a representational of a lexical expression and its linguistic properties within a descriptive grammar of some language. a collection of lexical entries constitutes the lexicon. A lexical entry has the form f-X where f is the form of some particular lexical expression, and X is its syntactic category.