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Sysadmin > Sysadmin p1 > Flashcards

Sysadmin p1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define:

File System

A

Logical collection of files on a drive/disc

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2
Q

Name:

Three issues that can be caused by a problematic motherboard

A
  1. Catastrophic failure - check power or HDD activity
  2. Component failure - possible issues with connections between components and the motherboard
  3. Ethereal - something just fails and comes back
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3
Q

Define:

Accumulator Register

(CPU)

A

Register that holds the results of the current calculation

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4
Q

Describe each step of:

The bootup process

from cold start

A
  1. Press power button
  2. Enough power is supplied to the CPU
  3. CPU reads the jump instructions from the ROM at xFFFF0
  4. Bios performs POST and starts enabling certain basic functions
    5a. User is able to enter bios setup
    5b. BIOS looks into the HDD and either loads the OS or gives option to load from partition table (boot code)
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5
Q

Define:

Peripherals

A

External devices that can expand the capabilities of a computer

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6
Q

Explain:

Memory address register

CPU

A

Contains the memory address that will be written upon

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7
Q

Define:

Program Execution

A

OS facilitates the execution of programs by moving them from the HDD to the main memory, initialize devices, and other issues like error handling

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8
Q

Explain how:

Files are organized by the OS

A

Organized in a File system. It is often compared to a tree where the drive is the tree, the subfolders are branches while the leaves are the files.

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9
Q

Explain the difference:

Memory Buffer Register vs Memory Data Register

CPU

A

MBR holds the data while the operation is being executed while the MDR holds the data that will be used

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10
Q

define:

Southbridge chipset

A

Controls dataflows between peripherals and the processor. Also the integrated graphics and pci slots.

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11
Q

Why is it so hard to diagnose PSU issues?

A

many Issues can be caused by a dying PSU but they are often intermittent so its difficult to diagnose

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12
Q

What tool can be used to diagnose:

GPU

A

3dmark can be used to stress test the GPU and check for problems

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13
Q

Define:

Memory Data Register

(CPU)

A

Holds the Data to be used in the current instruction

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14
Q

define:

Error handling

OS services

A

OS detects errors and tries its best to keep it from crashing

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15
Q

List 9:

OS services

A
  1. Program Development
  2. Program Execution
  3. Controlled Access to Files
  4. System Access
  5. Error handling
  6. Accounting
  7. Communication
  8. Protection
  9. I/O devices
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16
Q

What tool can be used to diagnose:

CPU

A

Prime95 can be used to stress test the CPU

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17
Q

Define:

Accounting

OS services

A

OS keeps track of user activies and monitors the state of the hardware and gives feedback to the user

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18
Q

Define:

Controlled Access to Files

(OS services)

A

OS controls user permissions and dictates who can see what files

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19
Q

Explain:

ROM

also explain what is in it

A

ROM stands for Read Only Memory. ROM is embedded into the motherboard and cannot be changed except in a few rare cases. The boot loader is contained in the ROM which are instructions that tell the computer how to start

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20
Q

Name the 4 features of:

NTFS

A

New Technology File System. It allows users to
1. Encrypt files
2. Quotas
3. Compress
4. Access restriction to certain files/folders

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21
Q

Define:

Instruction Decode Unit

CPU

A

Decodes the current instruction

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22
Q

Define:

Instruction Register

CPU

A

Holds the current instruction for analysis

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23
Q

Define:

Access I/O devices

A

OS handles the connection between I/O devices and the computer through the use of device drivers

24
Q

Define:

Memory Buffer Register

CPU

A

Holds the data while the operation executes

25
Q

Define:

ALUs

What is its purpose and which register is on it?

A

Algorithmic Logic Units. Responsible for carrying out basic math and logic operations. Contains the accumulator

26
Q

Explain:

FD(G)E Cycle

explain each step

A
  1. Fetch - fetching instruction from main memory
  2. Decode - Decode the instruction
  3. Get(optional) - retrieve data from main memory if needed
  4. Execute - execute the instruction by writing it into memory
27
Q

Define:

Program Counter

(CPU)

A

Program counter contains the memory address of the next instruction

28
Q

Define:

RAM

What does it stand for and what does it do?

A

RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is the primary memory and a temporary space to hold data and processes. It is volatile so all information is lost when computer is powered off

29
Q

Name 3:

Processor forms

the physical structure of the processor

A
  1. dual Inline - two rows of pins are used to attach to motherboard
  2. PGA (Pin Grid array)
  3. LGA (land grid array)
30
Q

define:

Northbridge chipset

A

Controls dataflows between the processor and the main memory. Also controls flow between processor and the GPU

31
Q

Explain:

Protection

OS services

A

OS controls access of programs, processes, and users to computer resources

32
Q

Define:

Control Unit

(CPU)

A

Contains the Instruction register and the Program Counter

33
Q

Define:

CMOS

A

CMOS is a small battery attached to the BIOS. It contains the system clock and the BIOS settings.

34
Q

Name the two parts of:

Von Neumann Computer Model

A
  1. Data and processes are stored in the main memory
  2. Only one instruction can happen at a time
35
Q

Function:

PSU

A

PSU supplies power by coverting AC to DC and converting the voltage to one that the computer can accept

36
Q

What is the difference between:

Cloud Storage VS Local Storage

A

Cloud Storage is usually located off site and can be accessed through the internet

local storage is separate storage located onsite and connected directly to the local network

37
Q

List 7:

vital computer components

A
  1. CPU
  2. Motherboard
  3. I/O devices
  4. PSU
  5. Hard drive
  6. Main memory
  7. Expansion card slots
38
Q

Describe:

Hypervisors

What is it and name both types

A

Hypervisors are software that allow you to run multiple VMs on a computer.
1. Type 1 hypervisors (“bare metal”) - Run the virtual OS directly off your physical hardware so its faster
2. Type 2 hypervisors - Runs the virtual OS through your actual OS so its slower

39
Q

Define:

Processor

A

integrated circuits on a single silicon chip

40
Q

What are:

Motherboard Chipsets

responsible for?

A

The control and flow of data to different parts of the motherboard

41
Q

Define:

Software

A

Programs that carry out a instructed task for the user

42
Q

Define:

Communication

OS services

A

Exchange of data between processes and other devices

43
Q

Define:

Program Development

A

OS supports development tools that allow users to create programs

44
Q

Define:

Kernel

Windows OS

A

Core part of the OS and contains vital process/services like memory management and files access. It also reserves memory addresses for itself that can’t be touched by other users

45
Q

Define:

Motherboard

A

Core component that allows user to stage components on them and provides connection between all of them

46
Q

Define:

User mode

Windows OS

A

The regular operations of the computer like running applications. There are certain processes and memory addresses that cannot be touched by users

47
Q

What should you do if you experience:

Overheating

A

Overheating causes your computer to slow down/crash so use speccy or speefan to monitor internal temperature and fan speeds

48
Q

Define:

Primary Partition

A

Partition that can function as if a separate hard drive

49
Q

What is the difference between:

System Partition VS Boot Partition

A

System paritions contain the files needed to load the OS
Boot Partition contains the files need to boot the computer from off state

50
Q

What does it mean to run in:

Kernel Mode

A

Kernel mode has more permissions to do more things and can access protected memory addresses

51
Q

What is:

The relationship between scheduling and multi-programming?

CHANGE possibly

A

Multiple programs can run at once, when I/O stage is reached by first program. the next program runs until it has to wait.

52
Q

How are hard drives organized?

A

Hard drives contain disks known as ‘tracks’ and its divided up into slices called ‘sectors’. Sectors are further grouped into ‘clusters’

53
Q

Define:

System Access

OS processes

A

OS controls permissions to certain system functions such as user modes and kernal access

54
Q

What are the Pros of using dynamic discs over basic discs?

A
  1. RAID
  2. volumes can be resized
  3. reactivate missing or offline disks
  4. settings can be changed without restarting computer
55
Q

Define:

RAID-0

A

RAID-0 uses striped discs where multiple drive are used with data being written into each drive at a time. This allows for faster write speeds but not fault-tolerant

Sysadmin (3 decks)

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