T10 Ch 18 & 19

Question 1

Histamine is a(n):

a. None of the answers are correct
b. Amino acid
c. Eicosanoid
d. Biogenic amine
e. Peptide

Answer 1

d. Biogenic amine

Question 2

When an allergic reaction occurs, __________ degranulate and histamine is released.

a. Eosinophils
b. Monocytes
c. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
d. Macrophages
e. Mast cells

Answer 2

e. Mast cells

Question 3

Which of the following symptoms is not a pharmacologic effect of histamine?

a. Pain at cutaneous nerve endings
b. Bronchoconstriction
c. Vasoconstriction
d. Gastric acid secretion

Answer 3

c. Vasoconstriction

Question 4

The predominant feature of anaphylaxis is:

a. Decreased blood pressure
b. Bronchoconstriction
c. Vasodilation
d. Convulsions
e. Lapses into unconsciousness

Answer 4

b. Bronchoconstriction

Question 5

The drug of choice for anaphylactic shock is
a. parenteral epinephrine 
b loratidine 
c. prostaglandin 
d. dramamine

Answer 5

a. parenteral epinephrine

Question 6

Older H1 antihistamines find utility in dentistry for the following effects except for one. Which one is the exception?

a. Antiemetic effects
b. Anticholinergic effects
c. Sedative effects
d. Local anesthetic effects

Answer 6

b. Anticholinergic effects

Question 7

Which one of the following antihistamines is suggested as an alternative agent to provide local anesthesia when a patient has exhibited allergies to the normally used anesthetic agents?

a. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
b. Loratadine (Claritin)
c. Desloratadine (Clarinex)
d. Chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)

Answer 7

a. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Question 8

Which of the following H1 antihistamines is nonsedating?

a. Chlorpheniramine
b. Cyproheptadine
c. Cetirizine
d. Diphenhydramine
e. Hydroxyzine

Answer 8

c. Cetirizine

Question 9

A leukotriene antagonist would be used to treat:

a. Fever
b. Delayed parturition
c. Closing of patent ductus arteriosus in the newborn
d. Asthma and other forms of bronchoconstriction
e. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-induced ulcers

Answer 9

d. Asthma and other forms of bronchoconstriction

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding PGs and periodontal disease?

a. PGs decrease capillary permeability.
b. PGs are thought to be mediators of the inflammatory response in oral soft tissues.
c. Several autocoids, such as PGs, leukotrienes (LTs), and cytokines have been involved in arresting periodontal disease.
d. PGs stimulate the synthesis of new bone by initiating osteoblastic activity.

Answer 10

b. PGs are thought to be mediators of the inflammatory response in oral soft tissues.

Question 11

Which autocoid is known to stimulate secretion from salivary glands?

a. Substance P
b. Pilocarpine
c. PGE
d. Histamine
e. Bradykinin

Answer 11

a. Substance P

Question 12

True OR False

Some of the antihistamines have an antiemetic action and are used to prevent and treat motion sickness.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Adrenocorticosteroids are released from the:

a. Pituitary gland
b. Hypothalamus
c. Adrenal cortex
d. Kidney
e. Adrenal medulla

Answer 13

c. Adrenal cortex

Question 14

Without stress, the normal adult secretes approximately __________ of hydrocortisone daily.

a. 5 mg
b. 10 mg
c. 20 mg
d. 40 micro-g
e. 40 mg

Answer 14

c. 20 mg

Question 15

When does the maximal secretion of hydrocortisone (cortisol) occur in the body?

a. Between 4 AM and 8 AM
b. Between 7 AM and 10 AM
c. Between 12 PM and 2 PM
d. Between 9 AM and 12 AM

Answer 15

a. Between 4 AM and 8 AM

Question 16

Which of the following choices is a disease or condition produced by an excess of adrenocorticosteroids?

a. Parkinson disease
b. Cushing syndrome
c. Addison disease
d. Graves disease

Answer 16

b. Cushing syndrome

Question 17

Glucocorticoids cause an increase in the circulating levels of which of the following white blood cells?

a. Basophils
b. T lymphocytes
c. Neutrophils
d. Monocytes
e. B lymphocytes

Answer 17

c. Neutrophils

Question 18

The following are signs of Cushing syndrome except for one. Which one is the exception?

a. Moon face
b. Hypoglycemia
c. Fat deposit on back of neck
d. Muscle wasting

Answer 18

b. Hypoglycemia

Question 19

The most extensive use of the corticosteroids in both medicine and dentistry is in:

a. Replacement therapy for corticosteroid deficiency
b. Cancer chemotherapy
c. To prevent organ transplant rejection
d. Inflammatory and allergic conditions
e. Osteoporosis

Answer 19

d. Inflammatory and allergic conditions

Question 20

True OR False

Levels of endogenous corticosteroids can increase tenfold in response to an especially stressful stimulus.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

True OR False

Corticosteroids increase resistance to infection.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

Which of Samara’s medications is the probable cause of her hypertension at the beginning of her appointment?

a. Methotrexate
b. Ibuprofen
c. Calcium supplement
d. Prednisone

Answer 22

d. Prednisone

Question 23

Which of the following tissue responses would you expect at the completion of periodontal debridement for Samara? (steroids, long term)

a. Normal healing response
b. Delayed healing response
c. Accelerated healing response

Answer 23

b. Delayed healing response

Question 24

Which of the following is the probable cause of Samara’s drop in blood pressure, stomach pain, and loss of consciousness? (steroids, long term)

a. Psychogenic shock
b. Hypertensive crisis
c. Adrenal crisis

Answer 24

c. Adrenal crisis

Question 25

Which of the following is the most likely explanation for Samara’s periodontal condition, given that she has good oral hygiene?

a. Hereditary components
b. Systemic effect of lupus
c. Steroid use

Answer 25

c. Steroid use