Taxonomy

Question 1

Define taxonomy

Answer 1

Describing, naming, and classifying organisms

Question 2

Define nomenclature

Answer 2

A system of naming objects

Question 3

Define taxon

Answer 3

A taxonomic group at any level of the hierarchical system

Question 4

Define monophyletic

Answer 4

Includes the common ancestor and its descendants

Question 5

Father of binomial

Answer 5

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 6

Define cultivars

Answer 6

Cultivated variety of species that arose from human activity

Example:
Prunus persica var. persica (Peach)
Prunus persica var. nectarine (Nectarine)

Question 7

What defines the rules for “wild species”?

Answer 7

International code of botanical nomenclature

1. unique name and description included
2. specimen must be available for study
3. only vascular plant names are valid after “species plantarum” (1753)

Question 8

What defines the rules for “cultivated plants”?

Answer 8

International code of nomenclature for cultivated plants

Question 9

Name the hierarchical system of classification from highest to lowest level

Answer 9

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
(subspecies/variety)

Question 10

Classification: explain species

Answer 10

• A set of individuals that stem from a common ancestor
• Most fundamental level of classification
• Closely related species are clumped into a “genus”

Question 11

What happened 3.5 billion years ago?

Answer 11

Origin of life

Question 12

What happened 1.5 - 2 billion years ago?

Answer 12

Conversion of a prokaryote to a eukaryote

Question 13

What are the 6 kingdoms and 3 domains?

Answer 13

Domain archaea
- kingdom archaebacteria

Domain bacteria
- kingdom eubacteria

Domain Eukarya
- kingdom protista
- kingdom fungi
- kingdom plantae
- kingdom animalia

Question 14

What are invalid groups?

Answer 14

Descendants from more than one ancestor or are incomplete

Ex:
polyphyletic: should not be in the same taxon
paraphyletic: missing a descendant