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MP1 Skills > Temperature > Flashcards

Temperature Flashcards

1
Q

Define temperature

A

a balance between heat produced and heat lost by the body to maintain consistency

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2
Q

Name the heat regulating centre

A

‘hypothalamus’

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3
Q

What causes heat production?

A

Increasing cell metabolism

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4
Q

What causes heat loss? (6)

A
  • perspiration
  • respiration
  • radiation
  • conduction
  • convection
  • evaporation
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5
Q

What is the ‘core temperature’ ?

A

Inside the body that we cannot measure

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6
Q

What’s the ‘shell temperature’?

A

Temperature near the body’s surface

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7
Q

Why is the core temperature important?

A

It’s needed for optimal function of essential organs

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8
Q

What is the shell temperature range?

A

36-37.6 degrees C

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9
Q

Explain the ‘hypothalamus’ (regulating centre)

A

It controls the temperature of circulating blood

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10
Q

Explain the ‘vasamotor’ (regulating centre)

A

Controls diameter of blood vessels, controlling heat gain and loss

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11
Q

What’s the name of the two area of the temperature regulating centre?

A

vasamotor and hypothalamus

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12
Q

How does the regulation centre work?

A

Skin and mucous membrane have sensors - signals to hypothalamus - stimulates either heat generating or reducing actions

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13
Q

Factors altering temperature in humans: (8)

A

gender, food intake, age, climate, infection, medication, emotion, exercise

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14
Q

How is gender an altering factor of heat?

A

Females have a higher body temperature due to hormones, particularly during menstruation and certainly menopause (hot flushes)

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15
Q

How is emotion an altering factor of heat?

A

Stress - heat production

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16
Q

How is exercise an altering factor of heat?

A

Body heat produced

17
Q

Define evaporation

A

Process by which liquid is turned to vapour

18
Q

How does evaporation cause body heat loss?

A

Increased temperature stimulates the sweat glands which secretes sweat on the skin’s surface, this then evaporates causing heat loss

19
Q

Explain conduction

A

The transfer of heat to any substance in contact with the body that’s cooler, forms small amount of heat loss to the body but conducting the cooler substance

20
Q

Define radiation

A

The transfer of heat via infrared rays between warmer and cooler objects without physical contact, e.g. cold room

21
Q

Explain the process of radiation in a cool environment

A

In a cool environment the body loses a higher % of heat from the skin

22
Q

Explain the process of radiation in a hot environment

A

Heat is NOT lost by this route, however heat may be gained by heat radiating to the skin

23
Q

Explain convection

A

Movement of heat away from a surface by movement of air or particles e.g. cool fan or heater

24
Q

State the characteristics of hypothermia

A
  • shell temp below 36 degrees C
  • skin paleness
  • tiredness
25
Q

State the characteristics of normal temperature

A
  • shell temp 36-36.9 degrees C
  • lowest at 5-6am and highest at 4-6pm due to metabolic routine, sleeping through the night compared to shortly after mealtime before another
26
Q

State characteristics of pyrexia/slight fever

A
  • shell temp 37-37.9 degrees C
  • perspiration
  • skin redness
  • headache
27
Q

State the characteristics of fever

A
  • shell temp above 38 degrees C - infection present
  • weak
  • shivers
  • perspiration
  • paleness and redness
  • tachycardia/hyperpnea
28
Q

When does hypothermia occur?

A

When body temperature falls below 35.9 degrees C and mechanism to produce heat are ineffective

29
Q

How does the body preserve heat when hypothermia hits?

A

The body will slow down the metabolic rate to preserve heat

30
Q

Suggest some causes of hypothermia

A

burns, surgery, cold environments

31
Q

What is pyrexia?

A

A significant rise in body temperature

32
Q

What’s the lowest shell temperature for pyrexia?

A

37.2-37.9 degrees C

33
Q

What’s the medium shell temperature for pyrexia?

A

38-40 degrees C

34
Q

What shell temperature is classed as ‘hyperpyrexia’?

A

Above 40 degrees C

35
Q

List the 5 body parts to measure body temperature

A
  • oral - mouth
  • auxiliary - armpit
  • rectal - backside (not used now)
  • vaginal - used in gynaecology
  • tympanically - ear

MP1 Skills (5 decks)

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