Term 4

Question 1

List three important things we get from rocks

Answer 1

Coal
Gold
Diamond
Etc.

Question 2

What does it mean if something is non-renewable?

Answer 2

It is something that we can only use once as it does not grow back

Question 3

Explain how coal is formed

Answer 3

Coal is a rock made from the remains of plants that died millions of years ago.
. Trees die and fall into swamps
. Dead trees are buried under sand and soil.
. After millions of years the trees are squashed into coal.

Question 4

List three uses for coal

Answer 4

. Make electricity
. Burn for heating
. Make petrol and other oils

Question 5

What is fuel?

Answer 5

Something that we burn to give us energy

Question 6

Which of the following do not contain coal:
. Soap
. Shampoo 
. Medicines
. Foods
. Clothes

Answer 6

Clothes

Question 7

What are the two ways of mining?

Answer 7

. Open pit or surface mining

. Shaft or deep level mining

Question 8

What are open pit mines

Answer 8

Mines that remove large areas of soil and rock from the surface

Question 9

What is a shaft?

Answer 9

A hole that goes deep down into the ground

Question 10

Is the Kimberly mine a open pit or shaft mine?

Answer 10

Open pit

Question 11

What was the main mineral found in the Kimberly mine?

Answer 11

Diamond

Question 12

How has mining changed the land?

Answer 12

Miners use machines that remove large areas of soil and vegetation.
Valuable farmland and forests may be made into open pit mines.

Question 13

How has mining changed the land?

Answer 13

Miners use machines that remove large areas of soil and vegetation.
Valuable farmland and forests may be made into open pit mines.

Question 14

Give an example of how open pit mines cause air pollution

Answer 14

Mining creates a lot of dust which gets into the air. People breathe dust into their lungs. This is bad for their health.

Question 15

How can the mine cause water pollution?

Answer 15

Water mixes with chemicals that come out of the broken rocks. These chemicals make water become like acid. Acid mine water can get into rivers and underground water supplies.

Question 16

What is waste material?

Answer 16

Things that people throw away and do not use

Question 17

What is waste disposal?

Answer 17

What people do with their waste

Question 18

Miners dig a lot of _____ out of the ground to get the __________ they need.

Answer 18

Rock

Minerals

Question 19

What do you call the large piles of rock made by mining companies?

Answer 19

Mine dumps

Question 20

What is wrong with mine dumps?

Answer 20

They contain poisons and chemicals which can get into the air, soil and water.

Question 21

Why do you think mines produce a lot of waste?

Answer 21

Something similar to: mining companies only use a small amount of the material they mine

Question 22

The rubble stops new plants from growing. True or False?

Answer 22

False. The chemicals stop new plants from growing.

Question 23

The material that Miners throw away is called mine ______.

Answer 23

Waste

Question 24

Miners make large piles of waste called _________.

Answer 24

Mine dumps

Question 25

Waste from mines contains strong _________ that can ________ the environment.

Answer 25

Chemicals

Damage

Question 26

Explain how laws can control the damage to the environment

Answer 26

Something similar to: They can make the mining companies rework the mines to get more minerals out of the waste. They can make the mining companies refill the holes and replant the vegetation.

Question 27

Some mine shafts are nearly ____ __________ deep.

Answer 27

Four kilometers

Question 28

Temperatures at the bottom of a deep mine reach ____.

Answer 28

50°C

Question 29

The weight of the rocks causes ____ _____.

Answer 29

Rock falls

Question 30

List all the safety equipment a miner must wear to keep safe

Answer 30

All Miners must wear a helmet, boots, work gloves, overalls and a mask

Question 31

Why do you think that Miners must not take matches or lighters into the mine?

Answer 31

Something similar to: It could cause an explosion (the gasses from the rocks are highly flammable)

Question 32

Name two reasons mines need ventilation

Answer 32

To breathe

So that they can use explosives to break up the rock (like fires, explosives need oxygen)

Question 33

One of the diseases that attack miners’ lungs is ___________.

Answer 33

Silicosis

Question 34

Recap:

Miners can protect their lungs by wearing ______.

Answer 34

Masks

Question 35

Recap:

How do Miners protect themselves from rock falls?

Answer 35

They wear helmets

Question 36

Recap:

How do Miners protect themselves from rock falls?

Answer 36

They wear helmets