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PARASITOLOGY LECTURE > Terminologies (prelim) > Flashcards

Terminologies (prelim) Flashcards

1
Q

harbors a particular pathogen without manifesting any signs and symptoms

A

Carries

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2
Q

Process of inoculating ineffective agent

A

Exposure

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3
Q

the Establishment of the ineffective agent in the host

A

Infection

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4
Q

Period between infection and evidence of symptoms

A

Incubation Period

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5
Q

Sometimes refferes to as the clinical incubation period

A

Incubation Period

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6
Q

Also known as the biologic incubation period

A

Pre-patent Period

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7
Q

Period between infection or acquisition of the Parasite and evidence or demonstration of infection

A

Pre-patent Period

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8
Q

Results when an infected individual becomes his own direct source of infectiom

A

Autoinfection

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9
Q

Happens when the already infected indivual is further infected eith the same species leaving to massive parasitic infection

A

Superinfection or Hyperinfection

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10
Q

Parasites have developed 2 life cycles:

A

Simple and Complicated

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11
Q

Study of patterns, distribution, and occurrence of disease

A

Epidemiology

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12
Q

Number of new cases of infection appearing in a population in given period of time

A

Incidence

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13
Q

number (usually expressed as percentage) of individuals in a population estimated to be infected with a particular parasite species at a given time

A

Prevalence

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14
Q

percentage of individuals in a population infected with at least one parasite

A

Commulative prevalence

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15
Q

refers to burden of infection which is related to the number of worms per infected person.

A

Intensity of infection

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16
Q

This may be measured directly or indirectly and is so refferes to as the worm burden

A

Intensity of infection

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17
Q

The clinical consequences of infections or diseases that affect an individual’s well-being

A

Morbidity

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18
Q

The use of anthelminthic drugs in an individual or a public health program

A

Deworming

19
Q

Refers to the number (usually expressed as a percentage) of previously positive subjects found to be egg negative on examination of a stool or urine sample using a standard procedure at a set time after deworming

A

Cure rate

20
Q

percentage fall in egg counts after deworming

A

Egg reduction rate (ERR)

21
Q

Involves individual-level deworming with selection for treatment

A

Selective treatment

22
Q

This strategy can be used in whole populations, or in defined risk groups

A

Selective treatment

23
Q

is group-level deworming where the (risk) group to be treated (without prior diagnosis) may be defined by age, sex, or other social characteristics irrespective or infection status

A

Targeted treatment

24
Q

Is population-level deworming in which community is treated irrespective of age, sex, infection status, or other characteristics

A

Universal treatment

25
Q

is the regular, systematic, large0sclae intervention involving the administration of one or more drugs to selected population groups with the aim of reducing mordibity and transmission of selected helminth infections

A

Preventive Chemotheraphy

26
Q

refers to the proportion of the target population reached by an intervention

A

Coverage

27
Q

It could be the percentage of school-age children treated during a treatment day

A

Coverage

28
Q

is the Effect of a drug against as infective agent in deal experimental conditions and isolated from any context

A

Efficacy

29
Q

Is a measure of the effect of a drug against an inefecyive agent in a particular host, living in a particular environment with specific ecological, immunological, and epidimiological determinants

A

Effectiveness

30
Q

it is useally measure by qualitative and quantitative diagnostic tests which detect eggs or larvae in feces or urine after an optimal time interval, which is variable for each parasite

A

Effectiveness

31
Q

are indicators that are commonly used to measure the reduction in prevalence and reduction in intensity of infection, respectively

A

Cure rate and egg reduction rate

32
Q

is genetically transmitted loss of suspectibility to a drug in a Parasite population that was previously sensitive to the appropriate therapeutic dose

A

Drug resistance

33
Q

the avoidance of illness caused by infections.

A

Morbidity control

34
Q

it may be achieved by periodically deworming individuals or geoups, known to be at risk of morbidity

A

Morbidity Control

35
Q

A health education strategy that aims to encourage people to adapt and maintain healthy life practices

A

Information-eductaion-communication (IEC)

36
Q

is the planning, organization, performance, an monitoring of activities for the modification of environmental factors

A

Environmental Management

37
Q

Involves interventions to reduce environmental health risks including the safe disposal and hygienic management of human and animal excreta, refuse, and waste water

A

Environmental Sanitation

38
Q

It also involves the control of vectors, immediate hosts and reservoirs of disease.

A

Environmental Sanitation

39
Q

It also covers the providion of safe drinking water and food safety; housing that is adequate in terms of location, as well as safe and healthy working conditions

A

Environmental Sanitation

40
Q

Is the provision of access to adequate facilities for the safe disposal of human excreta, usually combined with access to safe drinking water

A

Sanitation

41
Q

is defined as a permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent, as a result of deliberate efforts. Once this is achieved, continued measures are no longer needed

A

Disease eradication

42
Q

is a reduction to zero of the incidence of a specified disease in a define geographic area as a result of deliberate efforts

A

Disease Elimination

43
Q

Continued intervention or surveillance measures are still required

A

Disease Elimination

PARASITOLOGY LECTURE (4 decks)

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