Terminology

Question 1

Define gross anatomy, microscopic anatomy/ histology, embryology, teratology, neuroanatomy

Answer 1

gross anatomy = seen with eye
microscopic anatomy/ histology = too small to be seen with eye
embryology = normal developing of embryo and foetus
teratology = cogenital malformations
neuroanatomy = brain and spinal cord

Question 2

anatomical regions

Answer 2

trunk = back, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, perineum
upper limbs = shoulder girdle, arm, forearm, hand, finger
lower limbs = gluteal, thigh, leg , foot

Question 3

integumentary system

Answer 3

hair, skin, nails

Question 4

what is a palpation

Answer 4

with eyes close - know what you are touching
bone - rigid
artery - pulse
vein - engored when blocked
fat - soft and pliable
muscle - stiffness changes when the muscle contracts
tendon - more taught when muscle contracts

Question 5

body cavities (7)

Answer 5

• cranial cavity
• vertebral cavity
• thoracic cavity (pleural cavity and pericardial cavity)
• Abdominal cavity
• Pelvic cavity

Question 6

Sagittal plane

Answer 6

divides the body into right and left sections

Question 7

Frontal (coronal) plane

Answer 7

divides the body into dorsal and ventral sections.

Question 8

Transverse plane

Answer 8

divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Question 9

superior and inferior

Answer 9

superior - above
inferior - below

Question 10

lateral and medial

Answer 10

lateral - away from the mid line
medial - towards the mid line

Question 11

proximal and distal

Answer 11

proximal - close to trunk (limb) / origin
distal - far away from trunk (limb)

Question 12

cephalic and caudal

Answer 12

Cephalic - head
Caudal - Tail.

Question 13

anterior/ventral and posterior/dorsal

Answer 13

Anterior or ventral - front
Posterior or dorsal - back

Question 14

full flexion and full extension

Answer 14

full flexion - foetal position
extension - standing upright

Question 15

abduction

Answer 15

away from body

Question 16

adduction

Answer 16

towards body

Question 17

flexion

Answer 17

into foetal position

Question 18

extension

Answer 18

into upright stand position

Question 19

circumduction

Answer 19

the orderly combination of shoulder movements so that the hand traces a circle and the arm traces a cone.

Question 20

lateral / external rotation

Answer 20

away from body

Question 21

medial / internal rotation

Answer 21

in to body

Question 22

supination/pronation

Answer 22

When your palm or forearm faces up, it’s supinated.
When your palm or forearm faces down, it’s pronated.

Question 23

plantar/dorsiflexion

Answer 23

plantar - toe pointed down
dorsiflexion - toe pointed up

Question 24

elevation/depression

Answer 24

elevation = looking up
depression = looking down

Question 25

inversion/eversion

Answer 25

inversion = foot - inwards
Eversion = foot - outwards

Question 26

opposition

Answer 26

thumb touching other fingers

Question 27

retraction/protraction

Answer 27

Protraction refers to protruding or sticking out. Retraction refers to bringing together.

Question 28

superficial and profundus

Answer 28

superficial - located on the surface
profundus - located deep

Question 29

male vs famles hands

Answer 29

testosterone - impact on fingers
males index finger is smaller than ring finger
camels index finger is longer than ring finger