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Astronomy Year 10 > Terminology > Flashcards

Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

A wave in which the direction of displacement is the same as the direction of propagation. Eg. Sound waves

A

Longitudinal wave

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2
Q

A wave in which the direction of displacement is perpendicular to the direction of propagation

A

Transverse wave

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3
Q

An intervening substance through which a force acts or an effect is produced. Eg. Air

A

Medium

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4
Q

A force that tends to shorten or squeeze something, decreasing its volume

A

Compression

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5
Q

A decrease in density and pressure in a medium, especially when caused by the passage of a wave

A

Rarefaction

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6
Q

A type of longitudinal wave that originated as the vibration of a medium and travels as variation of pressure and density

A

Sound

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7
Q

Electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye, it is made up of electromagnetic waves

A

Light (electromagnetic wave)

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8
Q

One half of the full extent of a vibration, oscillation or wave

A

Amplitude

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9
Q

The number of complete back and forth vibrations of a particle of the medium per unit of time

A

Frequency or pitch

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10
Q

The distance, measured in the direction of propagation of a wave, between two successive points in the wave

A

Wavelength

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11
Q

The duration of one complete cycle of a wave or oscillation

A

Period

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12
Q

The ratio of distance traveled by an object to the time required to travel that distance

A

Speed

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13
Q

?

Oscillation induces in a physical system when it is affected by another system that is itself oscillating at the right frequency

A

Resonance

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14
Q

The combination of two or more physical states, such as waves, to form a new physical state in accordance with this principle

A

Superposition

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15
Q

The entire range of electromagnetic radiation, ordered by wavelength and frequency

A

Electromagnetic spectrum

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16
Q

Using spectral data to determine chemical composition of, temperature of or movement of a same

A

Spectral analysis

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17
Q

A shift towards longer wavelengths of the spectral lines emitted by a celestial object that is caused by the object moving away from the earth

A

Redshift

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18
Q

Various instruments used to analyse the component parts of a sample by separating it’s parts into a spectrum

A

Spectroscope

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19
Q

An arrangement of lenses, mirrors or both that collects visible light, allowing direct observation of distant objects

A

Telescope

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20
Q

A mirror with a reflecting surface that bulges inwards away from the light force

A

Concave mirror

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21
Q

A mirror in which the reflective surface bulges towards the light source

A

Convex mirror

22
Q

Lens that possesses a surface that curves inwards

A

Concave lens

23
Q

A lens where the surface curves outwards

A

Convex lens

24
Q

Reproduction of an object via light that can be formed on a surface

A

Real image

25
Q

A reproduction of an object via light that is formed where the light rays cross when projected back from their path beyond a lens or mirror

A

Virtual image

26
Q

Distribution of matter between a distant light source and an observer, that is capable of bending the light from the source as the light travels towards the observer

A

Gravitational lensing

27
Q

A large system of stars held together by mutual gravitation and isolated from similar systems by vast regions of space

A

Galaxy

28
Q

The science that deals with the material universe beyond the Earths atmosphere

A

Astronomy

29
Q

The branch of astronomy that deals with the general structure and evolution of the universe

A

Cosmology

30
Q

The distance transversed by light in one mean solar year

A

Light year

31
Q

The apparent angular displacement of a celestial body due to it being observed from the surface instead of from the centre of the Earth

A

Parallax

32
Q

A variable star in which changes in brightness are due to alternate contractions and expansions in volume

A

Cepheid variable

33
Q

A cloud of gas and dust in outer space, visible in the night sky either as an indistinct bright patch or as a dark silhouette against other luminous matter.

A

Nebula

34
Q

A large spherical celestial body consisting of a mass of gas that is hot enough to sustain nuclear fusion and thus produce radiant energy

A

Star

35
Q

A group of stars seen as forming a figure or design in the sky

A

Constellation

36
Q

An early stage in the evolution of a star, after the beginning of the collapse of the gas cloud from which it has formed

A

Protostar

37
Q

One of the four main states of matter, consisting of positively charged ions with most or all of their detached electrons moving freely about

A

Plasma

38
Q

A star with a mass eight times greater than that of our sun

A

Massive star

39
Q

A giant star that has a relatively low surface temperature, giving it a reddish or orange hue

A

Red giant

40
Q

An extremely large red giant star with a minimum of 15 solar masses

A

Red supergiant

41
Q

The explosion of a star

A

Supernova

42
Q

An expanding shell of thin ionised gas that is ejected from and surrounds a hot dying star of about the same mass as the sun

A

Planetary nebula

43
Q

A star approximately the size of the Earth that has undergone gravitational collapse and is in the final stage of evolution for low mass stars

A

White dwarf

44
Q

Finishing stage of a white dwarf. Beginning hot and white (white dwarf) and ending cold and black

A

Black dwarf

45
Q

An extremely dense compact star composed primarily of neutrons

A

Neutron star

46
Q

A theoretical massive object formed at the beginning of the universe or by the collapse of a star exploding. It’s gravitational field is so intense that no electromagnetic radiation can escape

A

Black hole

47
Q

The magnitude of a star as it appears to an observer on the Earth. How bright it appears from Earth.

A

Apparent magnitude

48
Q

The magnitude of a star as it would appear to a hypothetical observer at a distance of 32.6 light years (10 parsecs). How bright the star appears at a standard distance.

A

Absolute magnitude

49
Q

The law that the velocity of recession of distant galaxies from our own is proportional to their distance from us

A

Hubble’s law

50
Q

Wavelengths of light emitted from or absorbed by electrons in atoms (emission, absorption, continuous)

A

Types of spectra

Astronomy Year 10 (2 decks)

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