Terminology & Concepts Flashcards
Biomechanics
What is Biomechanics?
Terminology & Concepts
The study of the mechanical aspects of living organisms.
Biomechanics
What are the four branches of Biomechanics?
Terminology & Concepts
1) Statics – Systems in Constant Motion
2) Dynamics – Systems Subject to Acceleration
3) Kinematics – Descriptions of Motion (without force)
4) Kinetics – Forces Associated with Motion
Biomechanics
What is the difference between kinematics and kinetics?
Terminology & Concepts
Both are branches of biomechanics
Kinematics: describes the motion of a body without regard to forces or torques produced in motion, includes arthrokinematics and osteokinematics
Kinetics: the study of mechanics that describes the effect of forces on the body, includes physics principles
Biomechanics
What are the two types of motion?
Terminology & Concepts
Translation - A linear motion in which all parts of a rigid body move parallel to and in the same direction as every other part. This can occur rectilinearly and curvilinearly.
Rotation - A motion in which an assumed rigid body moves in a circular path around a pivot point
Biomechanics
What is the difference between distance and displacement.
Terminology & Concepts
Displacement - The linear measure of a change in potion between the starting and ending location.
Distance - Total amount the object has moved, depending on the whole path traveled.
Biomechanics
What is speed? Is it the same as velocity?
Terminology & Concepts
Speed is the distance covered in a unit of time (Scalar). If a direction is identified, it is termed velocity (Vector).
Biomechanics
What is Acceleration?
Terminology & Concepts
The rate of change in linear velocity.
Biomechanics
What is a relative angle?
Terminology & Concepts
Relative angle is the angle at a joint formed between the longitudinal axes of adjacent body segments, also known as joint angle.
Biomechanics
What is one revolution expressed in degrees or radians?
Terminology & Concepts
360 degrees or 2π radians
Biomechanics
What is the law of inertia? (1st Law)
Terminology & Concepts
A body will maintain a state of rest or constant velocity unless acted on by an external force that changes the state.
Biomechanics
What is the law of acceleration? (2nd Law)
Terminology & Concepts
A force applied to a body causes acceleration of a magnitude proportional to the force, in the direction of the force, and inversely proportional to the body’s mass. F = ma
Biomechanics
What is the law of reaction? (3rd Law)
Terminology & Concepts
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction, such that when one body exerts a force on a second body, the second body exerts a reaction force that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction on the first body.
Biomechanics
What is friction, and how is the magnitude of friction calculated?
Terminology & Concepts
Friction is a force acting over the area of contact between two surfaces. The magnitude of friction is the product of the coefficient of friction (µ) and the normal reaction force (R).
Biomechanics
What is momentum?
Terminology & Concepts
Momentum is the quantity of motion possessed by a body. Measured as the product of a body’s mass and its velocity,
M = mv
Biomechanics
What changes momentum?
Terminology & Concepts
Impulse. Force applied over time will change the volocity of a mass.
Ft = ΔM
