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BM213 > Terminology For Pharmacology > Flashcards

Terminology For Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs interfere with either

A

Normal or abnormal physiology

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Science of living tissues function

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3
Q

Therapeutics

A

Study of the use of pharmacological agents in disease states

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4
Q

Pathology

A

The study of how the body goes wrong in disease states

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5
Q

Agonist

A

Drugs, or naturally occurring body substances, that directly cause a measurable response

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6
Q

EC50 value

A

When 50% response to drug occurs

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7
Q

Pharmacological antagonism

A

When drugs counteract each other by acting on the same receptor type

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8
Q

Chemical antagonism

A

When one drug antagonises the action of another by chemically combining with it

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9
Q

Physiological antagonism

A

When to drugs counteract each other by producing opposing effects on different receptors

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10
Q

Competitive antagonism

A

Drugs competing to bind to the same receptor

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11
Q

Occupancy

A

Refers to the proportion of receptors to which the agonist is bound

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12
Q

Increasing concentrations of agonist can compete

A

Out the antagonist and restore tissue responses. Thus antagonism is described as being Surmountable

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13
Q

Efficacy

A

Ability to activate receptor

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14
Q

Full agonists

A

Produce a maximal response (largest response the tissue can give

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15
Q

Partial agonists

A

Only produce a sub-maximal response

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16
Q

Irreversible-competitive antagonism

A

Bond between the antagonist and receptor is os storm that even increasing concentrations of agonists cannot displace the antagonist

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17
Q

Non-competitive antagonism

A

Antagonists which act at sites other than the agonist binding site

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18
Q

Toxicology

A

Toxic effects of drugs and environmental hazards

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19
Q

Latrogenicity

A

The capacity to produce disease form the side effects or inappropriate prescribing of drugs

Example: Lariam, an anti-malarial mefloquine associated with neuropsychiatric side effects

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20
Q

Tetratogenicity

A

The capacity to produce abnormalities of the unborn child or foetus

Example: Thalidomide

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21
Q

Drugs targets

A

Into channels, enzymes, transporters/carriers and receptors

22
Q

Drugs act at…… mostly as

A

Receptors
Antagonists

23
Q

Salbutamol is a …… agonists

A

Beta 2

24
Q

Antihistamines are antagonists for

A

H1 receptor

25
Q

Beta blockers are

A

Beta 1 antagonists. This deals with heart arrhythmias

26
Q

Aspirin is an

A

Enzyme inhibitor drug that targets the inhibition of COX enzyme

27
Q

ACE stands for

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme

28
Q

What does ACE do

A

Coverts angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2 with ACE inhibitors blocking this conversion which rescues blood pressure

29
Q

Examples of enzyme inhibitors drugs

(Simon sides Nepolien)

A

Statins - lowers cholesterol and prevents heart attacks

Sidenafil (viagra)

Nevirapine (Used in the management of HIV)

30
Q

Sildenafil

A

Inhibits the enzyme which breakdown cGMP - helps with ED

31
Q

Nevirapine

A

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) of HIV-1 used to treat patients with HIV and AIDS

32
Q

Penicillin is a

A

Enzyme inhibitor

kills susceptible bacteria by specifically inhibiting the transpeptidase that catalyzes the final step in cell wall biosynthesis, the cross-linking of peptidoglycan

33
Q

Transporter

A

A protein which helps move molecules across a membrane in or out the cell

34
Q

Prozac is a

A

Transporter inhibitor drug

35
Q

Prozac blocks ….. its an …….

A

The 5HT reuptake transporter.
It’s an SSRI

36
Q

The discovery of the ACE inhibitory mechanism was discovered in

A

Venom peptide from Brazilian pit viper with severely rescued blood pressure

37
Q

Examples of a protein pump inhibitor

A

Omeprazole (treats heart burn and indigestion)

38
Q

Proton pump inhibitors are used in problems with

A

Too much acid in stomach

39
Q

Conditions that require this use of protein pump inhibitors

(Pep, gas ,gas)

A

Peptides ulcers: too much acid in the stomach lining

GERD: Gastrointestinal reflux disease

Gastric producing tumour : A pancreatic tumour that produces to much gastrin which stimulates parietal cells o release acid.

40
Q

Ion channels are

A

Pores in the membrane that are made up of proteins

41
Q

Ions channels consists of

A

Ligand gated, mechanically gated, always open and voltage gated

42
Q

Many channels combine to make an

A

Action potential

43
Q

SCB stands for

A

Sodium channel blockers

44
Q

The classifications of SCB’s

A

Class 1A 1B AND 1C

1a: Causes moderate degree blockage of fast sodium channels.
1b: Causes mild degree blockage of sodium channels.
1c: Causes marked degree of sodium blockage and no effect on QT interval.

45
Q

What is the QT interval

A

a measurement made on an electrocardiogram used to assess some of the electrical properties of the heart.

46
Q

Class 1A SCB consists of ……
(Double quarter pounder)

A

Disopyramide, Quinidine, Procainamide

47
Q

Class 1B SCB consist of

(Lettuce, tomato, pickles, mayo/Mexico)

A

Lidocaine, Tocainide, phenytoin, mexileine

48
Q

Class 1C SCB consists of

(Fries please)

A

Flecainide, Propafenone

49
Q

Lidocaine mechanism of action

A

Blocks the channel from inside the cell which causes no action potential

50
Q

Antiarrhythmic drug is a

A

SCB that blocks the na channels in the heart

BM213 (6 decks)

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