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Astr 150 Midterm > Terms > Flashcards

Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Simple impact craters

A

Bowl-shaped, circular, <10km

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2
Q

Complex impact crater

A

10-100km, terraced rim, central uplift

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3
Q

Impact basin

A

> 100km, some ejecta forms “rays” on surface

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4
Q

Differentiation

A

Heat causing separation of materials into layers, changing world’s moment of inertia

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5
Q

Sinuous rilles

A

Lava channels

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6
Q

Lava tube

A

Cooled top of lava channel

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7
Q

Straight rilles

A

Faults, caused by plate tectonics

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8
Q

Wrinkle ridges

A

Formed by compression of surfaces

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9
Q

Relative ages

A

Can be determined by stratigraphy (analyzing overlapping features) and crater counting

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10
Q

Saturn-V

A

Most powerful rocket ever build, U.S. rocket that sent us to the moon

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11
Q

Lunar history (4 periods)

A

I. Differentiation (4.5 Byo)
II. Late Heavy Bombardment (3.8 Byo)
III. Geological Activity (3.8->now (E,V), 3.8->2 (Moon,Mercury), 3.8->.5 (Mars) Byo)
IV. Big Chill

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12
Q

Volatility

A

Tendency of a material to evaporate at a lower temperature

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13
Q

Accretion

A

The collisional growth of objects (co-accretion is not how the earth-moon system formed)

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14
Q

Giant Impact

A

A low-probability event that is the most likely explanation as to how the earth-moon system formed, due to the similar chemical signature found on both worlds

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15
Q

Apollo

A

U.S. manned missions to the moon, primarily politically driven in the Soviet space race

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16
Q

Viking I & II

A

First space probes sent by the U.S. to Mars (1970s)

17
Q

Pathfinder

A

First rover sent by U.S. to Mars (1990s) with the Sojurner rover, found that the rock & soil are of the same composition.

18
Q

Spirit

A

One of two rovers sent by U.S. to Mars (2003), primary mission was to look for signs of water. Spirit landed on soil rich in olivine, since it wasnt dissolved, no evidence of water.

19
Q

Opportunity

A

One of two rovers sent by U.S. to Mars (2003), primary mission was to look for signs of water. Opportunity landed on soil rich in hematite (forms in hot & wet environments). Also found signs of evaporative basin (concentrated salts).

20
Q

Phoenix

A

U.S. lander sent to Mars, found liquid water condensing on struts (due to chlorine acting as antifreeze).

21
Q

Curiosity

A

Latest & biggest U.S. rover sent to Mars, landed on Gale Crater, found smooth pebbles like in riverbed.

22
Q

Venera

A

Soviet landers on Venus (1960s-70s)

23
Q

Magellan

A

U.S. radar mapping satellite sent to Venus

24
Q

How to determine age

A

I. Physical sample radioactive dating

II. Crater count & compare to known lunar surface

25
Q

Tidal Drag: The Moon’s orbit _ energy, the earth’s rotation _ energy

A

Gains, Loses

Astr 150 Midterm (3 decks)

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