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Crim 105 > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Neuropsychology

A

study of the brain

  • role of psychological processes
  • function of brain
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2
Q

Criminal psychology

A

motivations of crime

  • money, revenge, fame, pleasure
  • relations to crime
  • – thoughts, actions, intentions, patterns, evaluations
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3
Q

organic brain syndrome

A

general term referring to diseases result in decreased mental functioning

  • head trauma or injury
  • strokes
  • acute infections
  • low levels of oxygen
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4
Q

degenterative diseases

A

demantia

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5
Q

brain plasticity

A
  • brains ability to change structure/function n develops new neural connections
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6
Q

amygdala

A
  • difficulties processing sad + fearful expressions
  • adverse conditioning + instrumental learning
  • empathy
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7
Q

damage to prefrontal cortex

A
  • argumentativeness
  • liability
  • impulsivity
  • inability to foresee consequences
  • poor abstract reasoning
  • poor social judgment
  • specific loss of insight
  • emotional outbursts
  • distractibility
  • low frustration tolerance
  • risk taking/rule breaking
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8
Q

prefrontal cortex

A
  • disruptted social affective decision making
  • diminished guilt, shame, + empathy
  • irrability, poor planning, + irresponsibility
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9
Q

learning

A

change in behavioural repitoire due to experience

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10
Q

habituation

A

ability to tune out or adapt to stimuli

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11
Q

4 componants of learning

A
  • attention
  • retention
  • reporduction
  • motivation
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12
Q

stimulus

A

object/event that elicits behaviour

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13
Q

responce

A

the elicit behaviour

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14
Q

classical conditioning

A
  • learning signals + associations
  • pairing neutral stim w/ reflex stim
  • involves unconditional stim, unconditional response, conditioned stim, conditioned responce
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15
Q

extinction

A
  • when no rienforcement, behaviour drop out of repitoire
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16
Q

operant conditioning

A

learning consequences of behaviour through reward or punishment

17
Q

rienforcer

A
  • increases probability that operant behaviour will occur again
    positive reinforcement
  • provide something pleasant/rewarding to increase behaviour
    negative reinforcement
  • strengthening a behavioural response by removing something that is unpleasant or painful
18
Q

punishment

A
  • event following response that decreases the likelihood of the response being made again
    positive punishment
  • decreases likelihood of certain responce by administering something unpleasant
    negative punishment
  • removing something unpleasant
19
Q

operant conditioning + crime

A

differential rienforcement
- not effect of all reinforcement + punishment received for a certain response
strength of a rienforcer influenced by access person has to it
- theft —- acquiring goods + serive
- can apply to violent behaviour as well

20
Q

operational modeling - social/obervational

A
  • learning from watching others
  • emphasis on cognitive variables
  • internal process that called thinking + remembering
  • acquisition + imitation
21
Q

Pattersons coercion theory - cycle

A
  • parents child interaction plays important role
  • lack of management + reg. rienforcment
  • child becomes increasingly difficult
  • results in stronger + harsher responses
  • leads to cumulative disadvantages
22
Q

Moffitt’s developmental taxonomy

A
  • asserts early on-set delinquancy from late on-set while identifying 2 distinct paths
23
Q

life course persistant pathways

A
  • poor self control, difficult temper, impulsivity, inability to delay gratification
  • academic failure, depression, deviant peers, substance abuse, high risk sexual behaviours
24
Q

adolecent limited pathway

A

offending beginning later in life, show less severe offending + remain involved in offending for short amount of time

  • engaged in normative offences
  • results in occociated developmental failures that r less severe + have less time to accumulate consequences
25
Q

why does AL desist??????

A
  • shift in rienforcment

- avalibility of prosocial adult roles

26
Q

age graded theroy of informal + social control

A
  • people can change when they have stake in society
  • desist when subject to informal social sontrola
  • controls r age graded
  • depends on structural termly points
  • – resistance occurs by default or conscience decision
  • – kids, marriage
27
Q

eary childhood factors

A
  • neuropsychological deficits
  • child exteralizing disorders
  • prenatal birth complications
  • pernatial birht complications
28
Q

ADHD

A
  • inattention
  • hyperactivity + implulsivity
    linked to
  • lower academic performance
  • unpopular w/ peers
  • higher rates antisocial + delinquent behaviour
29
Q

ODD

A
  • anger/irritable mood
  • argumentative/defiant behaviour
  • vindictiveness
30
Q

CD

A
  • agression toward people/animals, delibrate property distruction, deceitfulness, theft
  • no remorse
  • linked to APD
  • childhood vs adolescent onset
31
Q

parent monitoring + parental dicipline

A

authoritarian - my way or the highway
authoritative - firm but fair
permissive - lax

Crim 105 (1 decks)

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