Test 1 Flashcards
What is population study?
Target population available for study.
What is a sample in the study?
A sample is a group of people, objects, or items that are taken from a larger population for measurement in a study.
What is the sample statistic?
Numbers that summarize data from a sample, the subset of the entire population.
What is the confidence interval for a study?
intervals that are frequently reported, a range of values that you can use certain percents that contain the population mean/an average of a groups characteristics.
What is the difference between a parameter and statistic?
A parameter is a number describing a whole population (Population mean), While a statistic is a number describing a sample (sample mean)
What is an observational study?
A study that observes the effect of a risk factor, diagnostic test, treatment, or other intervention without trying to change who is or isn’t exposed to it.
What is an experimental study?
A study that introduces interference and studies its affects.
What is a control group?
The group used to establish a cause-and-effect relationship by isolating the effect of an independent variable. (the independent variable is changed in the treatment group and kept constant in the control group).
What is a single blind study?
Patients do not know which study group they are in (for example whether they are taking the experimental drug or a placebo).
What is a double blind study?
Neither the patients nor the researchers/doctors know which study group the patients are in.
What is the difference between an explanatory variable and a response variable?
An explanatory variable is what you manipulate or observe changes in (for example caffeine does), only the response variable changes as a result (for example reaction times).
Quantitative data
Data represent amounts for example height weight time or age.
Categorical data
Variables where the data represent groups. This includes rankings (finishing places in a race), classifications (brands of cereal) and binary outcomes (coin flips).
What is simple random sampling? And example.
Every subgroup of same size is equally likely to be chosen as the sample.
(The names of 25 employees being chosen out of a hat from a company of 250 employees)
What is systemic sampling? And example.
When there is some kind of system or rule to give the sample.
(a population of 10,000 people, statistician selects every 100th person for sampling).
