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test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

who is zunera ishaq?

A

she was the woman who has told she could not wear her niqab during her citizenahip ceremony

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2
Q

why was zunera ishaq not allowed to wear her niqab during her citizenship ceremony?

A

because Stephen harper and Jason Kenny said that it was a cultural symbol that Is oppressive to women and does not match the canadian cultural view on women

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3
Q

what is theology?

A

the study of the nature of god and religious belief

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4
Q

what are 4 characteristics of theology?

A

does not judge or look at what the “true teaching of that religion is”

the person studying that religion does not need to be apart of any faith or religion

it is about defining the internal terms within at which a religion will seek to explain itself with

questions the religion with empathy because makes sense within the religious world view

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5
Q

what is the TRC bentwood box?

A

a lasting tribute to all residential School survivors

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6
Q

explain the importance of the TRC bentwood box?

A

the bentwood box it serves as a “text” in indigenous spirituality, it is a sacred item and a spiritual depository

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7
Q

describe Mitakyue Oyas’in?

A

it translates to “all my relation” it means in indigenous spirituality everything is a living thing and all life is sacred

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8
Q

what were indigenous residential schools?

A

they were government funded church run schools set up to eradicate indigenous culture and spirituality

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9
Q

where indigenous children allowed to speak traditional language and practice own culture in residential schools?

A

no

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10
Q

what year did the last residential school close?

A

1996

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11
Q

what was the goal of residential schools?

A

eliminate the parental involvement in intelligence, culture and spiritual development in indigenous children to eradicate indigenous culture and spirituality

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12
Q

what is a trimerti?

A

a photo depicting 3 hindu gods

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13
Q

what are the gods depicted in the trimerti?

A

brahma (the creator)
vishnu (the sustainer)
shiva (the destroyer)

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14
Q

describe Ganesha?

A

Ganesha is the son of shiva is a elephant headed diety, the god responsible for removing obstacles

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15
Q

what is the story of Ganesha?

A

Ganesha was created by his mother (Parvati) to protect her when she was bathing, shiva cut of ganeshas head and replaced it with the head of the first animal he saw, the first one he saw was an elephant so that is why Ganesha has an elephant head

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16
Q

describe devi?

A

the goddess Devi is the manifestation of shakti, she is fierce, passionate, motherly and an expression of the Devine feminine

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17
Q

describe kali?

A

kali is a manifestation of Devi, kali is the goddess of destruction also seen as the great mother and giver of life and breaks the traditional view of Indian women

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18
Q

describe the great banyan tree?

A

located In koltta the great banyan tree is many trees but is all of them are interconnected, a symbol of immortality

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19
Q

describe aryan culture?

A

aryan culture is seen as the source for the rituals and traditions that hindus follow today and shaped Vedic religions, the aryans spoke Sanskrit and the vedas are written in Sanskrit

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20
Q

what is Santana dharma?

A

the eternal teaching or eternal religion, their teachings come from a Devine outsides of human history

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21
Q

what are vedas?

A

they are a “text” that the textual way of hundusism followed,were only oral for a long time before they were written in Sanskrit

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22
Q

what is the oldest text in Hinduism?

A

the rigveda

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23
Q

what is an avatar?

A

the incarnation of a diety in human form

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24
Q

what are the 4 varnas?

A

brahmin (priest)
kshatrivs (warriors or noble)
vaishyas (skilled workers)
shudras (unskilled workers)

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25
Q

what is the varnas?

A

the caste system that determines your social class and religious hierarchy

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26
Q

who were the Dalits?

A

they were considered to be the untouchables, they were not included in the caste system and not allowed to participate in hindu society, they were regarded as an outside society. not allowed to be educated within the vedas or participate in hindu religion

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27
Q

what Is moksha?

A

the release or liberation from suffering and the eternal cycle of life and death, it is the ultimate goal of someone practicing the hindu religion

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28
Q

what is samsara?

A

the idea that all beings are reincarnated in to the world, the cycle of life, death and rebirth

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29
Q

what is dharma (Hinduism)?

A

the idea that ones religious or social duty should shape your path

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30
Q

who is Arjuna?

A

he was the person who realized that is was possible to do his duty (dharma) but could leave the karmic implication behind, the third way of Hinduism: duty and renunciation

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31
Q

what is the story of Arjuna?

A

he was faced with a moral dilemma when he had to choose between his duty of leading many people in to battle, there for having many deaths on his karma or leave his duty and follow his moksha. Krishna says Karma brings perfect justice and he will suffer more if he leaves his duty and not to worry about karmic implications when you do your duty with the right intentions

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32
Q

who is Gandhi?

A

ghandi was one of the great buddists and was know for his non violent and non co-operative protest style

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33
Q

what is tantra?

A

the idea of using ritualistic magic to control hidden forces or aid the path to nirvana

34
Q

who is Siddhartha Gautama?

A

he was called by his followers “buddha” and buddhism is derived from the teachings of this one man

35
Q

what was Siddhartha Gautama’s teaching?

A

the idea that one had to experience dissatisfaction or suffering in order to understand that these have a cause

36
Q

what did Siddhartha Gautama think the cause of suffering to be?

A

the egocentric desire for satisfaction or pleasure

37
Q

what is anatman?

A

the teaching of “not-self” at the death the body ceases but the ever flowing consciousness and mental accompaniments of the soul does not

38
Q

what are the 3 jewels?

A

I go to the buddha for refuge
I go to the dhamma for refuge
I go to the sangha for refuge

39
Q

what do the 3 jewels represent?

A

they represent the Buddhist centre of life, any one who places them at the centre of their life are buddhist

40
Q

how does Clifford geertz define religion?

A

a religion is a system of symbols which acts to establish powerful, pervasive and long lasting moods and motivations in men by formulating conceptions of a general order of existence and clothing these conceptions with such an aura of factuality that these moods and motivations seem uniquely realistic

41
Q

explain why asads 2nd critique with geertz definition is separability?

A
42
Q

what are asads two critiques with geertz definition?

A

interiority
separability

43
Q

explain why Asads 1st critique on geertz definition is interiority?

A

it makes interiority the focus of religion, this excludes religions that are less orientated with individual belief and more orientated towards embodied practice, this pretty much excludes, meaning that geertz think religion is a state of mind and not an activity

44
Q

in the film “the good life” what are some ways in which indigenous spirituality and reconciliation are described to be at odds with a form of secularism that banishes religion from public life.

A

for there to be true reconciliation it cannot happen in a secular framework or system

indigenous secularsism is not possible

spirituality is intertwined in indigenous life

reconciliations is not going to be brought by policies

for indigenous people to tell stories in a public square or government setting the stories will not be without spirituality

truth and reconciliation committee cannot operate in a secular space that does not accept spirituality

indigenous politics involves spirituality

45
Q

what is secularism?

A

the removal of religion from the public square

46
Q

what are the 5 methodological challenges with the category of “indigenous religion”?

A

plurifomity of traditions
secular and religious
preliterate and tribal
“religion” as a positive term
“religion” as a negative term

47
Q

explain why plurifomity of traditions is a methodical challenge of “indigenous religion”?

A

there are tons of differences between understanding of traditions, this will differ from person to person (no orthopraxy)

48
Q

explain why secular and religious is a methodical challenge of “indigenous religion”?

A

indigenous spirituality cannot be removed from the public square (secular) at all because everything has spiritual living and indigenous spirituality is intertwined with their life

49
Q

explain why the terms “preliterate” and “tribal” are a methodical challenge for “indigenous religion”?

A

the term tribal is used to represent a small scale religion, and indigenous spirituality is definitely not a small scale “religion”

the term preliterate is not an accurate descriptor either, just because they do not have traditional “text” doesn’t mean they do not have items that tell a spiritual story, doing the same job as traditional “text”

50
Q

why is using the term”religion” in a positive way a methodical challenge for indigenous “religion”?

A

even when calling indigenous spirituality a “religion” in a positive way it still is problematic because indigenous spirituality doesn’t truly fit in to the traditional mold of religion and the term religion would only be used to put indigenous spirituality on the same level playing field as other religions so it gets the same respect(ie. wab keniew in the good life)

51
Q

why is using the term “religion” to define indigenous spirituality in a negative way is methodically challenging?

A

the term religion has tons of negative connotations for indigenous people, religion was used as a tool to take indigenous children to residential schools, the government used the guise of religion to “kill the Indian in the child”

52
Q

what are the four largest groups of religions affiliation?

A

1) christians
2) muslims
3) unaffiliated
4) hindus

53
Q

what is the estimated number and geographical concentrations of hindus?

A

1 billion hindus (15%) and their geographical concentration in majority in Asia-pasific

54
Q

what is the estimated number and geographical concentration of muslims?

A

1.6 billion (23.2%) muslims and the majority geographical concentration is in Asia-pasific

55
Q

what is the estimated number and geographical concentration of unaffiliated?

A

1.1 billion (16.3%) and the majority geographical concentration is in Asia-pasific

56
Q

what is the estimate number and geographical concentration of Christians?

A

2.2 billion (23%) and the majority geographical concentration is in Europe (26%) latin America and sub-saharan Africa are (24%) each

57
Q

what are the 3 ways of Hinduism?

A

textual core
monistic views
duty and renunciation

58
Q

explain the 1st way of Hinduism (textual core)?

A

this one is the Vedic religion and uses the vedas as its religious text,

large focus on your duty (dharma),

provides articulation of the 4 varnas (the caste system)

59
Q

explain the 2nd way of Hinduism (monistic views)?

A

this way of Hinduism is: rooted in the Upanishads

monistic rather than theistic

focus on pursuit of moksha
practice renunciation

polytheistic- many gods

avoiding all karma both good and bad,

everything is one

60
Q

explain the 3rd way of Hinduism (duty and renunciation)

A

derives from Bhagavad Gita

story of Arjuna and Krishna

don’t need to choose between duty and renunciation, they can be interwoven

emphasizes devotion to god, through self surrender, dedication, and service to god

ones actions will result in union with god

not worry about karmic implications when you do your duty with the right intentions

61
Q

what are the ways all three ways of hinduisim are similar?

A

they all guide and provide a way life for you

they all believe in karma, samsara, moksha and dharma

62
Q

what are some ways all three ways of hindusism are different?

A

they are not all derived from text

1st and 2nd may are derived from text

3rd way is derived from bhagavad gita

give you deferent goals and ways of life

only 1st way has social class

only the 1st has a large focus on your duty (dharma)

only the 2nd is centred in the pursuit of moksha (renunciation)

only 3rd way your dharma (duty) and moksha (renunciation) are intertwined

63
Q

what are the four Nobel truths?

A

1) suffering (sukkah) is inherent in all living existence
2)suffering is caused by desire (atman)
3) to eliminate suffering you must eliminate desire,
4) eightfold noble path provides guide to first 3

64
Q

explain the 1st noble truth (suffering is inherent in all living existence)?

A

life involves suffering you cannot live without experiencing suffering

65
Q

explain the 2nd noble truth (suffering is caused by desire)

A

suffering is caused by desire, desire led to attachment and things, ideas and beliefs of attachment to ones self or ones presumed self

66
Q

explain the 3rd noble truth (to eliminate suffering you must eliminate desire)

A

you must eliminate desire but desire is embeded in everything, not knowing the true nature or ultimate reality, things do not have permanence, end ignorance to end suffering to reach nirvana and develop ones non-self (anatman)

67
Q

explain the 4th noble truth (eightfold noble path provides guide to the first 3)

A

if you follow the eight fold noble path it will help you over come ignorance

68
Q

what is Mahayana Buddhism?

A

largest practiced form of Buddhism

more traveled path to nirvana

the highest ordeal of the Mahayana is to eliminate suffering through compassion

working to save others is more important than ones individual ability to reach nirvana

the ideal of the bodhisattva could achieve extinction but chooses to come back to help others

main goal is to reduce suffering

69
Q

what is Theravada Buddhism?

A

more conservative form Buddhism

is the older form of Buddhism

the main goal of the Theravada religion is to achieve nirvana

live a life of renunciation in order to follow, preserve and share the teachings of dharma

rely on lay people to give them food, clothing and medical supply

ability to devote life to eightfold noble path and dharma in Theravada

70
Q

what are the 4 sights of the buddha?

A

old age
illness
dead corupse (death)
monk

71
Q

what do the four sights do to the buddha?

A

seeing the four sights made him question the way he saw the world and made him realize he cannot avoid old age, illness or death and once he sees the monk it inspires him to live a life of renunciation

72
Q

who is purusa?

A

the person who’s mouth, arms, thighs and feet were cut off and used to create the 4 varnas

73
Q

what parts of purusa were used to create each caste system?

A

mouth (brahman)
arms (kshatryia)
thighs (vaishya)
feet (shudra)

74
Q

explain myth?

A

myths are sacred stories that have been received through supernal revelation, they are not to be understood literally but in symbolic archetypal terms

75
Q

what are the seven virtues?

A

humility
courage
respect
love
generosity
honesty
wisdom

76
Q

explain the seven virtues?

A

The Seven Virtues are an intertwining and mutually enforcing set of guidelines that, if followed, create a higher standard of living, personal and spiritual contentment and positive social and psychological environment

77
Q

what is non-interference?

A

the idea that everyone has a unique mission In life that only that individual knows, interference with another persons mission puts you in a position to be responsible for their negative consequences, this approach it is possible to preserve a communities unity and integrity

78
Q

what is head thinking?

A

Thinking with the head emphasizes differences, sorting into categories of better or worse, often for the purpose of gaining individual advantage, head thinking can lack sensitivity and holism

79
Q

what is heart thinking?

A

heart thinking is more powerful especially in the context of relationships

indigenous people often revert to heart mode when making important decisions

puts an importance on sensitivity and holism

80
Q

what is the “holy” (R.Otto)?

A

the feeling of the Devine

world religion (7 decks)

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