Test 1

Question 0

von Heller

Answer 0

18th century
First manual of physiology
Physiology as anatomy in motion

Question 1

Harvey

Answer 1

17th century
Blood circulation
Beginning of modern experimental physiology

Question 2

Lavoisier

Answer 2

18th century

Wrote on physiological problem of respiration and production of heat by animals

Question 3

Claude Bernard

Answer 3

19th century
Theories must be tested by experimentation
Cells as functional units of life
Discussed internal environment

Question 4

Carl Ludwig

Answer 4

19th century

Founded Physiological Institute

Question 5

Michael Foster

Answer 5

19th century

Established course on practical physiology

Question 6

Name the types of human studies

Answer 6

Case or cohort
Retro/ prospective
Longitudinal or cross-sectional
Clinic trials
Ethics

Question 7

What is meta-analysis?

Answer 7

A quantitative approach to reviewing literature in a specific area.

Integrates data from related studies at an attempt to resolve differences

Question 8

Name the disadvantages of human subject research

Answer 8

Confounds, variability
Compliance
Ethics

Question 9

Name the solutions to human subject research problems

Answer 9

Single- blind
Double- blind 
Randomized controlled trails
Placebo control
Crossover study

Question 10

Name physiological measurements

Answer 10

Concentration of biomolecules
Imaging
Electrical activity
Blood pressure/ heart rate

Question 11

Name the classic symptoms of diabetes mellitus

Answer 11

Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Weight loss
Random plasma glucose

Question 12

Name the risk factors for Type 2 diabetes

Answer 12

Age > 45
Weight > 120% of desirable body weight
Family history of diabetes in first degree relative
Hispanic, Native American, Black, Asian, or islander decent
History of impaired glucose tolerance
Hypertension
History of gestational diabetes

Question 13

Name the stages of diabetic retinopathy

Answer 13

Mild nonproliferative retinopathy
Moderate nonproliferative retinopathy
Severe nonproliferative retinopath
Proliferative retinopathy

Question 14

What is the glycemic index?

Answer 14

Scale from 0 - 100 according to the extent to which food raise blood glucose levels after eating

Question 15

High GI Foods

Answer 15

Rapid digestion and absorption

Causes fluctuations in blood glucose levels

Question 16

Low GI Foods

Answer 16

Slow digestion and absorption
Results in gradual increase in blood glucose and insulin levels.
Can help reduce coronary heart disease, diabetes, and obesity.

Question 17

What is metabolic syndrome?

Answer 17

Group of risk factors that occur together and increase the risk of coronary artery disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes

Question 18

Criteria of metabolic syndrome

Answer 18

Visceral obesity
Blood pressure > 130/85
Fasting plasma glucose > 110 mg/dL
Elevated fasting plasma triglycerides
Low plasma HDL-C levels

(Three out of five needed)

Question 19

Electroencephalogram

Answer 19

Reading of the electrical activity of the brain
Obtained through electrodes placed on scalp
Electrical activity recorded as waves