Test 1

Question 1

formal charge formula

Answer 1

valence electrons - (electron bonds+bond)

Question 2

tetrahedral hybridization

Answer 2

sp3

Question 3

1 carbon substituent

Answer 3

methyl

Question 4

2 carbon substituent

Answer 4

ethyl

Question 5

3 carbon substituent

Answer 5

propyl

Question 6

4 carbon substituent

Answer 6

butyl

Question 7

5

Answer 7

pent

Question 8

6

Answer 8

hex

Question 9

7

Answer 9

hept

Question 10

8

Answer 10

oct

Question 11

9

Answer 11

non

Question 12

10

Answer 12

dec

Question 13

alkane

Answer 13

c-c, sp3, tetrahedral, 109.5, 4 domains, longest bond length

Question 14

alkene

Answer 14

c double bond c, sp2, trigonal planar, 120, 3 domains, middle bond length

Question 15

alkyne

Answer 15

c tripple bond c, sp, linear, 180, 2 domains, shortest bond length

Question 16

how to know if they are constitutional/ structural isomers

Answer 16

if they have the same number of carbons

Question 17

can you have a cis/trans or E/Z when triple bond is present

Answer 17

no

Question 18

when do you use E/Z

Answer 18

when you have 3-4 different groups and two of the same are not on the same side of double bond. give them priority

Question 19

when to use cis/trans

Answer 19

relationship of hydrogens usually use stereochemistry

Question 20

electrophile

Answer 20

electron poor regions, wants electrons

Question 21

necleophile

Answer 21

electron rich region, wants to give electrons

Question 22

leaving group

Answer 22

atom displaced by nucleophile

Question 23

addition of 2 br or 2 cl across the double bond

Answer 23

halogenation reaction

Question 24

what compounds have higher boiling points

Answer 24

the less branched because they will have more surface area

Question 25

London dispersion/van der Waals

Answer 25

very weak, most important for non polar molecules such as hydrocarbons

Question 26

dipole-dipole

Answer 26

moderate, most important for polar molecules

Question 27

H-bonding

Answer 27

strong dipole-dipole interaction, most important for compounds that have an H covalently bonded to a very close electronegative atom

Question 28

hydrocarbons

Answer 28

made up of only Cs and Hs three types: saturated, unsaturated, and aromatic

Question 29

saturated hydrocarbons

Answer 29

only c-c single bonds (saturated with hydrogen)

Question 30

unsaturated

Answer 30

have double and single bond

Question 31

aromatic

Answer 31

related to benzene

Question 32

alkanes

Answer 32

type of hydrocarbon can by acyclic or cyclic

Question 33

solubility rule

Answer 33

likes dissolves likes so polar will dissolve polar

Question 34

eclipsed

Answer 34

least stable most strained

Question 35

staggered

Answer 35

most stable seats strained

Question 36

torsional strain

Answer 36

eclipsing of bonds

Question 37

ring strain

Answer 37

bond angles less than ideal in cyclic structures

Question 38

steric strain

Answer 38

repulsion between electron clouds

Question 39

cyclohexane

Answer 39

chain conformation, lowest strain because all bond angles are 109.5 and all bonds are staggered

Question 40

axial groups and more ___ that equatorial

Answer 40

strained and less stable

Question 41

single bond

Answer 41

sigma bond

Question 42

double bond

Answer 42

1 sigma and I pi bond

Question 43

triple bond

Answer 43

1 sigma and 2 pi bonds

Question 44

hydrogenation of alkenes

Answer 44

addition of H2, needs platinum (pt) catalyst, add H’s with cis stereochemistry

Question 45

halogenation of alkenes

Answer 45

addition of Br2 and Cl2

Question 46

H-X additions

Answer 46

adds HBr or HCl uses Markovnikovs rule

Question 47

markovnikovs rule

Answer 47

puts h on the end of the alkene that has the most H’s

Question 48

hydration of alkenes

Answer 48

addition of h20, needs H+ catalyst, uses markovnikovs rule

Question 49

alkyne reactions

Answer 49

adds 2x

Question 50

the maokovnikov product is formed because

Answer 50

the product proceeds via the most stable carbocation intermediate