Test 1

Question 1

Illusory correlation

Answer 1

perceiving a relationship between two noteworthy, other common, events

Question 2

Psychology

Answer 2

The study of all aspects of human or non-human behavior

Question 3

3 ways to understand or gain knowledge about the world

Answer 3

1. Intuition
2. Authority
3. Scientific approach

Question 4

Empiricism

Answer 4

Use of observations to answer questions about behavior

Question 5

Gambler’s fallacy

Answer 5

after a series of losses, the probability of a win is higher

Question 6

Temporal precedence

Answer 6

A causes B

Question 7

What are the goals of scientific study of behavior?

Answer 7

1. description of behavior
2. prediction of behavior
3. determining causes of behavior

Question 8

Determining cause of behavior

Answer 8

1. Temporal precedence
2. Covariation of cause and effect
3. Elimination of plausible alternative explanation
4. Explanation of behavior

Question 9

Theory

Answer 9

systematic body of ideas that organizes what is known about a topic from past observations and make predictions about future observations

Question 10

Gravitational theory

Answer 10

.

Question 11

Cognitive dissonance theory

Answer 11

when your thought and behavior is not in line

Question 12

hypothesis

Answer 12

a proposed explanation for an observation

Question 13

what are the three basic ethical principles of research?

Answer 13

1. beneficence
2. respect for persons (autonomy)
3. justice

Question 14

Beneficence

Answer 14

focus on the positive side of your experiment no the bad

- maximize benefits and minimize risk

Question 15

Benefits of beneficence

Answer 15

1. education, treatment for a condition
2. satisfaction associated with contributing to research that may produce beneficial application
3. monetary

Question 16

Risks of beneficence

Answer 16

1. physical harm
2. psychological stress: debriefing
3. loss of privacy and confidentiality

Question 17

Autonomy

Answer 17

awareness, they choose if they want to participate

- informed consent

Question 18

Justice

Answer 18

benefit from the research

• selection of participants
• APA ethnics code

Question 19

What are the five principles of the APA ethnics code

Answer 19

A: beneficence and non-maleficence
B: fidelity and responsibility
- establish responsibility and trust
C: Integrity
D: justice
E: respect for people's right and dignity

Question 20

Situational variable

Answer 20

factors in the environment that can unintentionally affect the results of a study

Question 21

Response variables

Answer 21

dependent variable

Question 22

participant or subject variables

Answer 22

individual characteristics of participants in an experiment

Question 23

operational definition

Answer 23

definition of a variable in terms of the operations or techniques that a researcher uses to measure or manipulate it
ex: anxiety, intelligence, popularity of course

Question 24

internal validity

Answer 24

extent to which we can conclude there is a casual relationship between variables

Question 25

what is the biggest threat for internal validity

Answer 25

plausible alternative explanation

Question 26

external validity

Answer 26

extent to which our results can be generalized

Question 27

non-experimental methods

Answer 27

observing or measuring variable of interest

- behavior is observed as it naturally occurs

Question 28

experimental methods

Answer 28

involves direct manipulation and control on variable`

Question 29

third variable problem (confounding variable)

Answer 29

a third variable may act as a cause of the two that are measured