Test #1 - Endocrine System

Question 1

What are Glands

Answer 1

Group of cells that produce something that is released
( Exocrine , Endocrine )

Question 2

What does Half Life mean?

Answer 2

The time it takes to loose 1/2 of that hormone

Question 3

Half Life can be increased by binding to Plasma Proteins, What is this called?

Answer 3

Conjugation

Question 4

All hormones must ______ on a cell to have an effect

Answer 4

Bind to a Receptor

• Binding is due to shape like a lock & key

Question 5

What is the most important thing when determining weather a hormone will have an action on a cell in the body?

Answer 5

Weather or not there is a receptor

Question 6

NSAIDS

Answer 6

Non steroidal, Anti-Inflammatory drugs
Ex: Aspirin , Tylenol

• Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

Question 7

Prostaglandins

Answer 7

– Not stored in tissues
- Cause smooth muscle contraction
- Created by cell damage
- Pyrogenic
- Aspirin blocks synthesis
- Chemotaxis - Calls for help from WBC

Question 8

Examples of function of prostaglandins?

Answer 8

(1) Cause contraction of smooth muscle
Smooth muscle is around tubes and hallow organs - Automatic-

(2) induce labor & menstruation ( Oxytocin- hormone causing or strengthen labor contractions, and control bleeding after birth)

(3) Pyogenic - Increase fever and pain (Heat)

Question 9

What an Example of a steroidal anti inflammatory drug?

Answer 9

Cortisone

Question 10

What does your thyroid hormone control?

Answer 10

Metabolic Rate (BMR) and Blood Calcium Levels

Question 11

Thyroid Gland

Answer 11

Located on top of trachea , just below larynx
- Composed of two lobes connected by a narrow band (isthmus)
-

Question 12

What is needed for the thyroid gland to make hormones?

Answer 12

Iodine

Question 13

What does Goiter mean?

Answer 13

Overstimulation-
Enlargement of the thyroid

Question 14

What are some possible causes of Goiter?

Answer 14

-Thyroid Tumor
-Anterior pituitary tumor causing overproduction or TSH (thyroid hormone)
- Iodine deficiency
- Graves’ disease- autoimmune disease in which same antibodies have the same shape as TSH

Question 15

Hypothalamus

Answer 15

Master Control Center
- Located at the base of the brain, right above the pituitary gland
- main function is to regulate homeostasis (body temp, emotions, growth, Etc)

Question 16

Pituitary Gland

Answer 16

Located at the base of the brain, Commonly divided into Posterior and Anterior portions

Question 17

What 2 hormones are released by the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 17

1) Antidiuretic Hormone
- Promoted water retention by the kidneys
2) Oxytocin “Love Hormone”
- Induced labor & Menstruation

Question 18

What is the Isthmus?

Answer 18

Composed of two lobes connected by a narrow band

• your thyroid gland is divided into two lobes that are connected by the isthmus

Question 19

Which one will not cause a goiter?

Answer 19

Thalamus Cancer

Question 20

Lipid Based Hormones
Protein Based Hormones - Half Life’s ??

Answer 20

Lipid- Long half life (hours to days)
Protein- Short half life (minutes)

Question 21

What’s a receptor?

Answer 21

A specific and unique macromolecule that selectively binds a hormone and then mediated it’s effects on a cell

Question 22

Steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs

Answer 22

Cortisone
Reduced fever, pain & inflammation

Question 23

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 23

System made up of several organs called glands.
These glands located all over your body, create and secrete (release) hormones

Question 24

What part of the body do endorphins come from?

Answer 24

• Anterior lobe of the Pituitary Gland & Hypothalamus, both located in the brain

Question 25

What are endorphins?

Answer 25

Chemicals (hormones) your body release when it feels pain or stress
“ feel good” chemicals

Question 26

What does the hypothalamus regulate?

Answer 26

Homeostasis

Question 27

What hormones does the Thyroid Gland Release ? (3)

Answer 27

T3 , T4, & Calcitonin

Question 28

T3 & T4 Hormones

Answer 28

• targets nearly every cell in the body
• controls metabolic rate

Question 29

Calcitonin

Answer 29

Inhibits (stops) osteoclasts releasing when blood calcium is okay

Question 30

Parathyroid

Answer 30

Releases parathyroid hormone when blood calcium levels are low
- stimulates (turns on) osteoclasts

Question 31

What hormones does you pancreas release? (3)

Answer 31

Glucagon
Insulin
Somatostatin

Question 32

When is insulin released?

Answer 32

When blood sugar levels are high

Question 33

When is Glucagon released?

Answer 33

When blood sugar levels are low

Question 34

Somatostatin?

Answer 34

Inhibits glucagons and insulin release

Question 35

What are the two general functions of the Pancreas?

Answer 35

1) Exocrine- this is 98% of its job, Dumping digestive enzymes and acid neutralizer into the duodenum

2) Endocrine- 2% of its job, Islets of Langerhans- control blood sugar

Question 36

Protein/ Polypeptide Hormones

Answer 36

• Both made of amino acids
• Can not cross membrane- a receptor for these must be on the cell surface
• Protein Hormones bind to cell membrane receptor, shot acting

Question 37

Steroid Hormones

Answer 37

• Are lipids- cross cell membrane
• Bind to receptors in Cytoplasm
• Directly causes cell effect
• Long Lasting

Question 38

Tyrosine Based Hormones

Answer 38

• Lipid bases, binding to DNA
• Controls metabolic rate

Question 39

Adrenal Glands

Answer 39

• Located on top of the kidneys
• Separated into a Cortex and Medulla

Question 40

What two hormones are released from the Adrenal Gland Medulla ?

Answer 40

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine

Question 41

What three hormones are released from the Adrenal Cortex?

Answer 41

1) Aldosterone - Causes water retention therefor causes blood pressure to increase
2) Glucorticoids- Cortisone, Reduce inflammation
3) Androgens- Mimics testosterone but not as strong

Question 42

When not getting enough calcitonin, your body released what hormone?

Answer 42

Parathyroid

Question 43

Thymus

Answer 43

On top of the heart
- T cells mature here