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Physics > Test 1: Gas Laws > Flashcards

Test 1: Gas Laws Flashcards

1
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

TB: constant temp in Boyle’s law
P1V1 = P2V2

At constant temp, the Volume of a given mass varies inversely w/the absolute pressure

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2
Q

Which law is most applicable in clinical situations

A

Boyle’s law

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3
Q

Spontaneous breathing expands chest and inc volume within it, hence, the pressure within decreases and the atmospheric gas flows into the lungs

What law

A

Boyle’s law

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4
Q

Charles’ law

A

CP: Pressure constant in Charles’ law
At constant P, the V of a fixed weight of gas is directly proportional to the absolute temp (K)
V1/T1 = V2/T2

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5
Q

Guy lussac’s law

A

Vitamin G: Volume is constant
Modification of Charles law
P1/T1 = P2/T2
P of a fixed weight of a gas at constant V, is directly proportional to the absolute (K) temp

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6
Q

Which law

Pressure on a cylinder will vary as the temp of the cylinder changes

A

Guy-Lussac’s law

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7
Q

Combined gas laws

Used when the quantity of gas is not changing

A
  1. P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
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8
Q

Combined laws

2.

A
  1. PV = nRT n: # of moles, R: a constant

Used to solve for the # of moles (mass, or # of molecules) present in a sample

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9
Q

Dalton’s law of partial pressure

A

Ptotal = Pa + Pb + Pc +….
In a mixture of gases, the pressure exerted by each gas is the same as the pressure it would exert if it alone occupied the container
Gases don’t know the difference if different or the same

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10
Q

760 torr, FiO2 is 50%, how many torr

A

380 torr

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11
Q

KMT assumptions

A
  1. Gases consist of tiny particles
  2. The distance between molecules is large: volume empty space
  3. Gas molecules have no attraction for one another
  4. Move in straight lines, colliding w/each other & walls of container
  5. Collisions are elastic: no energy is lost
  6. Average kinetic energy is the same for all gases & value is proportional to Kelvin temp
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12
Q

Lidoco info

A
  • Real time beat to beat display of critical: CO, LVSV, O2 delivery, SVR
  • Need arterial and venous line: PIV or central venous access
  • Lithium (chloride)indicator dilution for absolute CO and BP waveform
  • Conta: not for pt
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13
Q

How does lidco calculates CO

A

CO is calculated from a Pressure Volume transformation of the entire waveform, not from waveform shape

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14
Q

When to calibrate transducer

A
  1. Temp changes >5 C
  2. B4 any critical measurement
  3. Whenever a reading is questionable
  4. At least q4 hrs
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15
Q

Priming invasive lines

Bubbles

A

1-5 torr systolic errors
Air bubbles can cause systolic overshoot of as much as 20 torr
System must be purged of all air bubbles

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16
Q

Sensitivities of BP measuring modalities

A

Stethoscope
NIBP
Palpating BP
Art line - most accurate

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17
Q

Starling’s law

A

Direct relationship between the diastolic volume of the heart and the force of contraction of systole

VF = compensatory mechanism: stretching weak fibers to get more kick - inc in diameter = inc work + O2 requirements

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18
Q

How is tension measured

A

In force per unit length

TL

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19
Q

How is pressure measured

A

In force per unit area

PA

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20
Q

LaPlace’s law

A

P = 2T/R Tension of wall/radius of wall

Bigger the radius = larger the tensions
Normal aorta vs w/aneurysm
Dilated hypertrophic heart = high tension

21
Q

1 atm what is it

Conversion

A 
Pressure exerted by the wt of the atmosphere at the sea level
760 mmHg
1 Barr
1013 mBarr
100 kPa
1000 hPa
1033 g/cm2
14.7 psi
22
Q

What is gauge pressure

A

Gauge generally measure psig

The gauge reads 0 when exposed to atm pressure

23
Q

What is absolute pressure

A

PSIA would have 0 pressure (vacuum) as its reference, therefore psia=psig + 1 atm

24
Q

What is pressure

A

Force applied/distributed over a surface, expressed as force/unit.

It’s not how hard you are hit, but what u r hit with

25
Q

What is the SI unit of force

A

Pascal, the kPa is common

1 Barr = 1 atm

26
Q

Which law is related to concentration

A

Henry’s law

27
Q

Henry law

A

At constant temp, the am of given gas dissolved in a given liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in a equilibrium with the liquid.

28
Q

What happens if you increase partial pressure of gas above the solution

A

Increase
drive more gas molecules into solution

Concentration effect

29
Q

What does solubility of gas dependes on

A

Partial pressure
Temp
Particular gas and liquid involved

30
Q

What is associated with speed of induction

A

Low blood gas solubility

31
Q

Highest solubility in oil the greatest potency as anesthetics

A

Meyer Overton rule

32
Q

Which rule effects emergence

A

Meyer Overton rule

Lower the number quicker the emergence

33
Q

Is BGSC r/t potency

A

NO

34
Q

The higher the O/W SR

A

The more potent the agent

35
Q

Equal volumes of different gases at the same temp, volume, pressure contain the same number of molecules

A

Avogadro’s hypothesis and number

36
Q

1 mole of any gas occupies

A

22.4 L

37
Q

STP

A

Standard Temp and Pressure

0 C and 1 atm or 273 K and 760 mmHg

38
Q

What is the relationship between pressure, wall tension, radius

A

LaPlace’s Law

39
Q

LaPlace’s law for
cylinder
Sphere

A

T = PR

P = 2T/R

40
Q

What is Q

A

Flow

41
Q

What is turbulent flow, cause

A

Laminar flow changes into turbulent if there is a constriction in the tube
Constriction lead to increase velocity of Q, which is a key factor causing turbulence

42
Q

What is the key factor causing turbulence

A

Velocity

Increase velocity even in wide tubes will create turbulence

43
Q

What happens with the turbulent FLOW

A
  1. Q is proportional to the square root of pressure- less increase in Q for any given pressure increase than is seen w/laminar flow
  2. Q is proportional to radius sq. and inversely proportional to length and density- more effect w/laminar flow
  3. Q increases w/short tubes in both turbulent and laminar
  4. Q decreases as density increases if TURBULENT
44
Q

What effects onset of turbulent flow

A

Density and viscosity effect Q

Volume, diameter, density/viscosity vdp/n

45
Q

What is the reynolds’s number that differentiates between laminar vs turbulent flow

A

> 2000 turbulent

46
Q

What effects if laminar flow can be established

A

Viscosity

47
Q

If flow is laminar what happens to resistance

A

Resistance is independent of flow

48
Q

What does Hagen poiseuille describes

A

Laminar flow of fluid through tubes
Q = pi (^P)r4/8nl

Q is directly proportional to P and r4: P/r UP, Q will go UP
Q is inversely proportional to length and viscosity; l/n up - Q down

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