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Nové trendy v automobilovém průmyslu > Test > Flashcards

Test Flashcards

1
Q

What represent active safety?

A
  • Driving safety
  • Conditional safety
  • Perception safety
  • Operational safety
  • Electronic systems
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2
Q

Which three main parts consists the ABS

A
  • Electronic control unit
  • Wheel speed sensors
  • hydraulics
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3
Q

What is EDL

A

Electronic Differential lock

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4
Q

What is ESP

A

Electronic Stability Control

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5
Q

What is DSR

A

Driver steering recommendation

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6
Q

What is TSA

A

Trailer stability assist

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7
Q

What represent passive safety? (Internal safety)

A
  • Deformable front, rear section
  • Protection against second crash
  • Maintaining survival space
  • Protection of passengers from ejection - Fire protection
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8
Q

Which features represents passive safety?

A

seat belts, Airbags (SRS), head rest, Deformable steering

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9
Q

What is EURONCAP - what does NCAP means

A

New Car assessment programme

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10
Q

What does EURONCAP contains

A

Adult protection, Child protection, Pedestrian protection, Safety assist

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11
Q

Which tests does the EURONCAP ?

A
  • frontal impact
  • side impact
  • pole impact
  • whiplash
  • Far-side impact
  • rescue and extrication
  • autonomous emergency braking
  • pedestrian protection
  • pedestrian detection
  • cyclist detection
  • Safety assist
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12
Q

Devices for reduction of emission?

A
  • three way catalytic convertor
  • SCR catalytic convertor
  • diesel (gasoline) particulate filter (DPF, OPF)
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13
Q

SCR Catalytic Converter - what “SCR” means?

A

SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) - reduction NOx

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14
Q

Engine Exhoust Compositions (Emssions)?

A
  • Carbon monoxide (CO) – blocks trans. of oxygen in blood - Nitrogen oxide (NOx) – causes respiratory difficulties
  • Hydrocarbons (HC) – causes an irritation, carcinogenic
  • Particulate matter (PM)
  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) – greenshouse gas
  • Sulfur dioxide (SO2) – multiplies the effect of other comp. - Ozone (O3) – photochemical smog
  • Polycyclic aromatic h. (PAH) – mutagenic, carcinogenic
  • Aldehydes – asthma, allergy
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15
Q

Particulate Mater (PM)

A

Small particle: PM10, PM2,5, PM1,0 stay in the air
Composition: sulphate, nitrates, aromatic hydrocarbons, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel…

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16
Q

Exhaust Emissions Limit, Emissions Standard

A
  • Depends on vehicle class, engine capacity, engine type (fuel type)
  • Emission behaviour is investigated by driving cycle
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17
Q

Emissions standard?

A

ECE, EURO

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18
Q

What is RDE

A

Real driving emissions

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19
Q

What is CO2 limit for cars?

A

95g CO2/km

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20
Q

what are Emissions Reduction Possibilities?

A
  • Car-mass reduction
  • Improvement of aerodynamic properties
  • Tires with low rolling resistance
  • Increase of engine efficiency
  • Reduction of engine capacity (Downsizing) - Optimal utilisation of engine power
  • New systems
  • Economical driving
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21
Q

What is Car aerodynamics coefficient?

A

Cd

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22
Q

what makes Insrease of Engine Efficiency?

A
  • Direct injection FSI, GDI (petrol)
  • Increase of injection preassure, decrease of injection time (diesel) - Boosting (one stage, two stage)
  • The cylinder shut-off
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23
Q

Gear box (DSG) - what is DSG?

A

Direct schift gearbox

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24
Q

Efficiency Systems - Economical driving

A
  • Air conditioning
  • lower energy - Steering servo
  • lower energy
  • Smaller alternator
  • Stop and Start system
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25
Q

what are natural energy sources?

A
  • Thermal energy
  • Water energy
  • Atmospheric energy
  • Atomic energy
26
Q

Fossil fuels?

A
  • Coal
  • Oil
  • Natural gas
27
Q

Oil Processing - Rafinery

A

Fractional distillation – main principle is a separation of individual substances according to their boiling point.

28
Q

Petrol Fuel - boiling point and density?

A

Boiling point between 70-180°C and density 0,65-0,77 g.cm-3.

29
Q

Diesel Fuel - boiling point and density?

A

Boiling point between 180-360°C and density 0,82-0,85 g.cm-3.

30
Q

Natural Gas advantages and disadvantages?

A

advantages:
Lower emissions, Lower engine load
,High octane number ,Lower price

disadvantages:
CNG tanks (control), Higher price of the car

31
Q

what is NG, CNG, LNG?

A

NG - natural gas
CNG - Compressed Natural gas
LNG - Liquefied natural gas

32
Q

Liquefied Petroleum Gas advantages and disadvantages?

A

Advantages:
lower emissions
high octane number
lower price

Disadvantages:
LPG tanks (space, weight)
LPG tanks (control)
Lower heating power
cold engine start

33
Q

What does LPG mean?

A

Liquefied Petroleum Gas

34
Q

What are bio-fuels?

A

Liquid or gaseous fuels made from biomass: bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, etc.

35
Q

how we divide bio-fuels?

A

first generation - second generation

36
Q

what is Bioethanol?

A

Derive from an alcoholic fermentation of agricultural products, like cereals, corn, potatoes, sugar-beet and sugar-cane.

37
Q

Bioethanol advantages and disadvantages?

A

High octane number +
Lower emissions +

Low heating power -
Higher latent vaporization heat -
Aggressive to plastics and rubbers -

38
Q

Bioethanol for Otto Engines

A

Can by used as:
As petrol substitution with 85-90% bioethanol fuel for specially modified engines (FFV) Fuel E85 (85% bioethanol, 15% petrol)
Petrol component increasing octane number ETBE, MTBE
Petrol component, maximal ratio 20%

39
Q

Biodiesel

A

Materials: seed oils (rape oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil, soya bean oil, etc.) eventually animal fats.
80% biodiesel from rape oil

40
Q

Biodiesel advantages and disadvantages?

A

Lower emissions +
Better engine lubrication + Good biological degradability +

High viscosity (heating is necessary) -
More pollution of engine oil -
Thermic instability (deposits in fuel system) -
Suitable as a compound of diesel fuel (up to 5%)

41
Q

Biofuels of Second Generation

A

Biofuels made from cellulose inputs. Possible sources: grass, straw, leaves, branches, barks, sawdusts, paper scrap, organic housing scrap.
Production principle:
1) Cellulose changes into simple starch and sugars.
2) Fermentation of starch and sugars, and distillation with ethanol and CO2 output.

42
Q

1st and 2nd Generation of Biofuels

A

Comparison fom the point of view of: - Growing
- Harvest
- Storage
- Preparation
- Processing
- Fossil power consumption - Waste treatment

43
Q

3rd Generation of Biofuels - how can we get it

A

from algae

44
Q

Types of alternative drives

A
  • Hybrid drive
  • Electromobile
  • Fuel cell
45
Q

Hybrid drive - how is created

A

Combustion engine + Electromotor + Battery

46
Q

Hybrid drive types

A
  • Series
  • Parallel
  • Combined

and another:
“full” hybrid
mild hybrid
plug-in hybrid (PHEV)

47
Q

What does (PHEV) mean?

A

Plug-in hybrid

48
Q

Electromobile - what is the main thing

A

The electric motor is the main and single drive unit.

49
Q

Electromobile advantages and disadvantages

A

Advantages +
- Zero emissions
- High torque power (at low engine rpm)
- Low noise
- Low vibrations
- Immediate operation (it doesn’t have to be heated) - Simple maintenance, long service life
Disadvantages -
- Short operating range (insufficient capacity of the batteries)

50
Q

Lead Batteries advantages and disadvantages

A

Advantages
- Higher power for a short time - Low price (cheep)
- Maintenance free
Disadvantages
- High weight in proportion to its capacity
- Short lifetime
- Sensitivity to staying out of operation for a long time

51
Q

NiMH Batteries advantages and disadvantages

A

Advantages
- High current draw possibility
- Good safety and lifetime
- Good ratio weight capacity
- Resistance against jerks and vibrations
Disadvantages
- High self-discharge - Slow charging
- Higher price

52
Q

Li-Ion Batteries advantages and disadvantages

A

Advantages
- Good weight to capacity ratio - High nominal voltage
- Low self-discharge
Disadvantages
- Decreasing capacity at low temperatures - Slow charging
- Higher price

53
Q

What does BEV mean?

A

Battery Electric Vehicle

54
Q

What does FCEV mean?

A

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle

55
Q

Hydrogen

A

Usage possibilities:
- Fuel for current combustion engines - Fuel for fuel cells

56
Q

Hydrogen advantages and disadvantages

A

Advantages
- zero emissions of carbon and its compounds
- most frequent element in space and the third one on the earth
Disadvantages
- storage and transport
- forms explosive compounds with air - liquide state temperature -245°C

57
Q

Solar Energy advantages and disadvantages

A

dvantages
- clean and renewable energy source
Disadvantages
- low efficiency of the system (16%)
- weight of the panels and their placement on cars

58
Q

Compressed Air Engine advantages and disadvantages

A

Advantages
- clean driving
Disadvantages
- short driving range
- compressed air tanks
- energy for air compressing

59
Q

Assistance systems

A
  • System (HHC)
  • Parking assistant (IPAS)
  • Adaptive cruise control (ACC)
  • Lane keeping control system
  • Front asisst
  • Blind spot detection system
  • Adaptive Frontlihting system (AFS) - Night vision system
  • Traffic sign recognition system
  • Driving alert system
  • Accident Notification Systems
  • Pedestrian detection sytem
60
Q

ACC?

A

adaptive cruise control

61
Q

AFS?

A

adaptive front lighting system

62
Q
A

Nové trendy v automobilovém průmyslu (2 decks)

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