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Art History > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

Dates | Period / Culture Picture | Title, Period / Artist Vocabulary word definitions | Words

1
Q

480-323 BCE

A

Classical Greece

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2
Q

323-31 BCE

A

Hellenistic

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3
Q

509-27 BCE

A

Roman Republic

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4
Q

27 BCE - 337 CE

A

Roman Empire

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5
Q

150-650 CE

A

Teotihuacan

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6
Q

450-1300 CE

A

Ancestral Puebloan Peoples

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7
Q

resemblance to nature is not completely lost, but def lessened
eg in Mural 30

A

abstraction

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8
Q

staircase platform block at front - continues processional path & also restricts access & also works as stage for ritual stuff; sets off a bdg & gives it a grand entrance
eg at Temple of the Moon or Temple of the Feathered Serpent

A

adosada

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9
Q

semicircular / polygonal recess
eg in the Basilica Ulpia at the Forum of Trajan

A

apse

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10
Q

could function as audience chamber, bureaucratic bdg, school; large interior space; clerestory, apse, & nave
eg the one in the Forum of Trajan

A

basilica

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11
Q

the top of a column

A

capital

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12
Q

location of cult statue - only some ppl were let in
eg in Parthenon

A

cella / naos

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13
Q

any time art / archit hearkens back to idealized past - working in a specific style from the past to link yourself / an idea w/ it
eg in Augustus as Imperator, linking himself to Classical Greece thru his idealization

A

classicism

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14
Q

roof above the nave is taller than the rest of the bdg & it lets light in
eg in Basilica Ulpia

A

clerestory

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15
Q

phys cutout to lessen weight of dome
eg in Pantheon

A

coffer

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16
Q

row of columns
eg at Parthenon and Forum of Trajan

A

colonnade

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17
Q

mixing in lighter materials - like pumice - w/ concrete as dome rises, along w/ small hollow pots to create air pockets
eg in Pantheon

A

gradation of the aggregate

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18
Q

anything moveable (sculpts, regalia, art / material, bodies / remains, even shipwrecks), immoveable (archit, dig sites, some shipwrecks, sunken cities), natural (land / landscapes, sacred sites, hunting / fishing rights), or intangible (languages, religion, oral traditions, food traditions) that ties a group of people to their past

A

cultural heritage

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19
Q

technq of depicting smth so that it looks extended / projected in space
eg in Alexander Mosaic

A

foreshortening

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20
Q

2 intersecting barrel vaults
eg in Colosseum

A

groin vault

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21
Q

using tesserae to form an image / mosaic / mural
eg Alexander Mosaic

A

modeling

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22
Q

central space of basilica
eg in Basilica Ulpia

A

nave

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23
Q

hole in ceiling that allows in light - an eye open to the heavens - & also reduces stress at the apex of a dome
eg in Pantheon

A

oculus

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24
Q

“masculine” type of column; stocky & no fluting, plain capital; earliest type, Archaic period
eg in bottom level of Colosseum

A

Doric order

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25
Q

“feminine” type of column; volute capital; fluting; slender & elegant; second earliest type, came about in Archaic period
eg in Parthenon, middle level of Colosseum

A

Ionic order

26
Q

rhetorical / philosophical technq emphasized more than ever in Hellenistic period
eg Laocoön and His Sons

A

pathos

27
Q

triangular upper part of bdg, usu atop colonnade
eg in Parthenon

A

pediment

28
Q

upright support

A

pier

29
Q

returning smth / someone to its/their own country / place of origin
eg what should be done w/ Parthenon Marbles

A

repatriation

30
Q

modifications to Parthenon’s design - like entasis / slight swelling of columns, inward tilt of columns, and contracted spacing btw columns - used to make it make more sense to viewers on the ground

A

refinements

31
Q

usage of patterns & mathematics to create something ideal representing the divine
eg in the Pantheon

A

sacred geometry

32
Q

geographic areas / features w/ special meaning for ppl w/ certain history w/ them
eg in Teotihuacan & Ancestral Puebloan Peoples’ creations

A

sacred landscape

33
Q

intentional & direct appropriation of antiquities
eg in Arch of Constantine

A

spolia

34
Q

base on which temple stands
eg under Parthenon

A

stylobate

35
Q

sloped –> straight frieze pattern on pyramidal structures; found to have been adopted by other cultures contemporary to Teotihuacan
eg on Temple of the Moon and Temple of the Feathered Serpent

A

talud-tablero

36
Q

white marble statue of nude man in his prime of life in contrapposto, supported by a “tree trunk,” orig in bronze

A

Doryphoros / Spear-Bearer, Classical Greece, Polykleitos

37
Q

temple to Athena on the Athens Akropolis

A

Parthenon, Classical Greece, Iktinos and Kallikrates

38
Q

copy of Egyptian/Greek wall ptg, certain military leader confronting Darius III at the Battle of Issos, demonstrates foreshortening

A

Alexander Mosaic, Late Classical Greece

39
Q

contains frieze of gods defeating giants in Gigantomachy, which is a metaphor for the Greeks’ defeat of the Gauls; breaks the picture plane; interest in emotion

A

Altar from Pergamon, Hellenistic

40
Q

story of Trojan priest pointing out that maybe they shouldn’t accept a gift from the Greeks - he was punished by Poseidon with a giant snake

A

Laocoön and His Sons, Hellenistic

41
Q

orig placed on sanctuary of gods on upper basin of 2-tier fountain, overlooking a harbor, just stopped and is slowing down, cloth clings to skin, sense of movement enhanced by 2 compositional “spiral” forms

A

Nike of Samothrace, Hellenistic

42
Q

scars, wrinkles, asymmetry emphasized as a point of honor; naturalism and individualization as a form of idealism

A

Head of a Patrician, Roman Republic

43
Q

propaganda sculpture; adlocutio pose - addressing as a general; dressed in breastplate, battle kilt, toga; idealized w/ no scars or wrinkles; Cupid at feet implying descent from Venus; breastplate depicts enemy returning the battle standard, showing diplomacy

A

Augustus as Imperator, Roman Empire

44
Q

relief sculpture friezes, woman/goddess symbolizing fertility, procession frieze shows Augustus’s future heir when he was a child

A

Altar of Augustan Peace / Ara Pacis Augustae, Roman Empire

45
Q

modular and repetitive composition, column orders ascend in time with ascendence of levels of the bdg

A

Colosseum, Roman Empire

46
Q

paid for with winnings from Dacian Wars, sculptures of Dacians (who were regarded as a formidable/honorable enemy to have defeated), sculpture of ruler on horseback, libraries, basilica

A

Forum of Trajan, Roman Empire

47
Q

orig statue of ruler at top, depicts events from war against Dacians as a story, portrays virtues of legions, looked at from a steep angle, relief sculpting got deeper as it went up

A

Column of Trajan, Roman Empire

48
Q

bronze statue not melted down by Christians because main figure was mistaken for Constantine, war horse - difficult to control and very expensive, adlocutio one hand and staff of authority in other, toga instead of armor, enemy may have once been underneath horse’s foot, main figure is proportionally much bigger than horse

A

Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius, Roman Empire

48
Q

commissioned by Hadrian, rebuilding burnt-out temple complex from Augustan era, rotunda topped with dome ceiling that remained the largest concrete dome in the world for 18 centuries (& is still the largest unreinforced concrete dome), oculus allowed light in

A

Pantheon, Roman Empire

49
Q

2 Augusti and 2 Caesars (Diocletian established this system after dividing the empire in 2) depicted in porphyry / purple marble, blocky nature gives unending / eternal sense, nearly indistinguishable from one another, each grabs sword with one hand and hugs with the other to show allyship

A

The Tetrarchs, Roman Empire

50
Q

erected in the city of Rome after a civil war, covered in both free standing and relief sculpture, spolia from good / beloved emperors, figures on sculptures that AREN’T spolia are significantly blockier / more stylized

A

Arch of Constantine, Roman Empire

51
Q

8’6” head; only fragments of the rest survive; brick and wood core with marble hands, feet, and head; modeled on images of Jupiter; prob orig held staff and orb representing world; deeply carved eyes; blocky face

A

Constantine the Great, Roman Empire

52
Q

held over 2000 known apartment compounds - one of the biggest cities of its time; no cult of personality / images of rulers - only gods; axial plan; name City of the Gods was given by later Aztecs

A

Teotihuacan

53
Q

one of the largest structs ever in ancient world, pyramid shaped, tunnel winds its way to center where there is a multi-part cave, prob linked to fertility, name = later assigned by Aztecs

A

Temple of the Sun, Teotihuacan

54
Q

adosada gives grand entrance, talud-tablero, burials made thruout bdg w/ sacrifices, framed perfectly by mountain (prob symbolized fertility)

A

Temple of the Moon, Teotihuacan

55
Q

surrounded by high walls in courtyard space, enough space to house 100,000 ppl / entire adult pop at city’s peak, adosada, uniquely carved talud-tableros w/ crocodile & feathered serpent forms

A

Temple of the Feathered Serpent, Teotihuacan

56
Q

figure w/ elaborate regalia, incl eagle headdress, feather crown, large ear flares; has fangs; always faces frontally & water flows from her hands, bearing gifts of seeds and carved jade; representations of birth & death

A

Great Goddess, Teotihuacan

57
Q

central part of the city; ppl climbed down, and there were special things in place - vent, deflector, etc. - so that ppl didn’t choke on smoke from the fire pit; sipapu; sites are still used today; used ceremonially & casually

A

Kiva, Ancestral Puebloan Peoples

58
Q

lessened resemblance to nature; abstracted landscape representing sky, earth, mountains, prob; four lines w/ hash marks = calendar to follow along w/ seasons

A

Mural 30, Ancestral Puebloan Peoples

59
Q

daily object used in ceremonial way, good for cooking & holding water, tiny holes drilled at top made it to where it could be hung, corn on the cob, spiral imagery

A

Seed Jar, Ancestral Puebloan Peoples

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