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botany 2 > test 2 > Flashcards

test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

apical meristem

A

causes primary growth, occurs in tips of shoots and roots, produces new leaves and flowers, lateral growth

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2
Q

lateral meristems

A

causes secondary growth, occurs at the cambium, produces bark on trees

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3
Q

three types of ground tissue

A

parenchyma tissue, collenchyma tissue, sclerenchyma tissue

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4
Q

parenchyma tissue

A

in living thin-walled cells, has a loose stucture with intercellular airspace (potatoe)

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5
Q

collenchyma tissue

A

is an elongated cell wall with a thick living tissue (celery)

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6
Q

sclerenchyma tissue

A

dead support tissue with thick cell walls mostly is woody stems, cell shape; fibres and sclereids. pears

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7
Q

different types of soil

A

clay, loam, sand, silt

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8
Q

clay

A

less permeable, holds more water, smaller pores

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9
Q

sand

A

more permeable, holds less water, larger pores

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10
Q

what is the organic portion of soil

A

humus

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11
Q

monocot root

A

fiberous/adventitous roots, from the stem, phloem stayed around the edges

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12
Q

dicot root

A

tap root, from the embryonic root, phloem has a cross section

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13
Q

monocot stem

A

the vascular bundles are speratic

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14
Q

dicot stems

A

the phloem, xylem, and sclerenchyma are all in one called the vascular bundle around the edge of the stem

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15
Q

monocot leaf

A

parallel venation

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16
Q

dicot leaf

A

net/reticulate venation

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17
Q

adventitious roots

A

they dont grow from pre-existing root tissue, prop roots/stilt roots, pothos mint and corn

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18
Q

aerial roots

A

grows above ground

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19
Q

difference between a potato and sweet potato

A

potatoes are tubers, underground stem used to store sugar.
sweet potatoes are tuberous roots

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20
Q

what is the structure found in roots

A

pericycle

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21
Q

where do lateral roots originate

A

nodes

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22
Q

what are the structures found in leaves

A

upper and lower epidermis, palisade and spongy mesophyll, and vascular bundles

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23
Q

different leaf arrangments

A

alternate, opposite, whorled

24
Q

thornes

A

grows from the stem (mesquite tree)

25
Q

spines

A

grows as in replacement for leaves (cacti)

26
Q

prickles

A

grows anywhere

27
Q

modified roots

A

storage, climbing, bulbs, thorns, tendrils

28
Q

modified stems

A

rhizomes, tuber, corms, stolons, cladophlls

29
Q

modified leaves

A

succulents, spines, tendrils, floral leaves

30
Q

cotyledon

A

an embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants

31
Q

storage organs in plants

A

rhizomes, corms, bulbs, tubers

32
Q

Why are some plants deciduous?

A

to help with water retention, perennials

33
Q

mycorrhizae fungus

A

ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae

34
Q

root nodules

A

nitrogen fixing bacteria

35
Q

how is wood structured

A

heartwood, sapwood, vascular cambium, living phloem, cork

36
Q

major function of roots

A

absorption, anchoring, storage

37
Q

major function of stems

A

growth, conduction, photosynthesis, support, storage

38
Q

functions of leaves

A

photosynthesis

39
Q

how do plants know which way to grow

A

phototropism/ positive gravitropism

40
Q

lenticel

A

allows the passage of air through the bark/skin on stems, fruits, and tubers

41
Q

trichomes

A

can be found on stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits

42
Q

tendril

A

curly specialized stem or leaf

43
Q

bulliform cell

A

at the bottom of a monocot leaf, helps the leaf curl to conserve water

44
Q

stoma

A

at the bottom of dicot leaves to allow evaporation and to “breath”

45
Q

procambium

A

meristematic tissue that produces the primary vascular system of plants

46
Q

ground meristem

A

will form the ground tissues comprising parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells

47
Q

protoderm

A

which will become the vascular tissues (xylem and phloem)

48
Q

vascular cambium

A

the main growth tissue

49
Q

cork cambium

A

unspecialized cells lying between the epidermis and the vasular tissues

50
Q

porosity

A

measurement of space between rocks

51
Q

permeability

A

how easy it is for liquids to flow

52
Q

soil nutrients

A

carbon, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus

53
Q

auxin

A

promotes growth within the stem

54
Q

springwood

A

larger cells produced in the spring

55
Q

summerwood

A

cells grow smaller until the tree goes dormant

56
Q

stipule

A

the small leaves at the base of a big leaf

57
Q

abscission layer

A

when a plant purposely creates a layer to cut off a leave without harming itself

botany 2 (1 decks)

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