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Music Production > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Creative Director and/or observer in general over all aspects having to do with the process of bringing a music idea to fruition in the marketplace and/or the art world

A

Music Producer

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2
Q

The creator whose initial expression is put into form in a unique and original combination of elements, possibly including but not limited to, melody, lyrics, rhythm, sound effects, and silence

A

Composer/Songwriter

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3
Q

The instrumentalist and/or vocalist who performs the musical expression

A

Talent (Instrumentalist/Vocalist) NOT ARTIST

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4
Q

The person responsible for contacting and hiring all Talent for the recording sessions

A

Contractor

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5
Q

The audio technician responsible for capturing, recording, and sonically processing a series of performances in order to create a product of music and sound

A

Recording/Mix/Mastering Engineer

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6
Q

The musician tasked with how the defined composition/song is to be adapted in terms of melodic and chordal structure, instrumentation, and form

A

Arranger

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7
Q

The musician whose responsibility is to know how to best apply instrumentation, usually but not always orchestral, to an arrangement of a song/composition.

A

Orchestrator

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8
Q

The individual whose job is to fulfill the wishes of the director and/or producer of a visual medium project in terms of choosing and licensing existing music.

A

Music Supervisor

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9
Q

ASCAP acronym

A

American Society of Composers and Publishers.

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10
Q

BMI acronym

A

Broadcast Music Incorporated

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11
Q

What do ASCAP and BMI do (basic)?

A

They collect and administer the dispersal of funds to PUBLISHERS and SONGWRITERS

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12
Q

What do ASCAP and BMI do (complicated)?

A

They grant licenses to and collect funds from radio and tv stations, live concerts, programmed music services, internet, hotels, clubs, restaurants, stores, and more. Then they disburse royalty payments to PUBLISHERS and SONGWRITERS

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13
Q

What are Royalties

A

Payments made to PUBLISHERS and SONGWRITERS, ARTISTS

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14
Q

Where do Royalties to PUBLISHERS and SONGWRITERS come from?

A

Public performances of copyrighted works
Broadcast usages of copyrighted works
Negotiated percentages for the sale or rental of printed sheet music
Mechanicals

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15
Q

What are Mechanicals?

A

They are a fixed rate payment based on the length of recordings, for the right to reproduce the song/composition onto CDs, DVDs, sound files, records or tapes

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16
Q

Who keeps track of physical product sales Mechanicals and sends payments to the publisher?

A

The Harry Fox Agency

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17
Q

Who keeps track of online digital streams and downloads Mechanicals, receives payments from the streaming service, and sends payments to the publisher?

A

The Mechanical License Collective

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18
Q

What is Work for Hire?

A

Its when a composer/songwriter is hired to write music for a specific purpose for a one-time fee.

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19
Q

Do Work for Hire contracts typically include ownership?

A

No, unless it is negotiated

20
Q

AFM acronym

A

American Federation of Musicians (Union)

21
Q

What does AFM do?

A

They administer the dispersal of funds for instrumentalists

22
Q

SAG-AFTRA acronym

A

Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Actors (Union)

23
Q

What does SAG-AFTRA do?

A

They administer the dispersal of funds for Vocalists

24
Q

What are the three types of payments?

A

Fees
Reuse/Additional Use Fees
Residuals

25
Q

Fee definition

A

Its a payment made to TALENT for the recording service in a first usage

25
Q

Reuse/Additional Use Fee definition

A

Payments made to TALENT for additional usages of an original recorded work for different categories than the original use

26
Q

Residuals definition

A

Recurring payments made to TALENT based on Union stipulated rates for a single category usage

27
Q

What is SoundExchange?

A

It collects digital performance royalties on behalf of LABELS, ARTISTS, and TALENT

28
Q

What is the percentage split for SoundExchange?

A

50% to LABEL
45% to ARTIST
5% to TALENT

29
Q

What is covered by SoundExchange?

A

Sirius XM
Pandora
iHeartRadio

30
Q

What is a Buyout?

A

It is when TALENT is hired to perform on a non-union recording for a one-time fee offered by a producer and will not receive any more payments

31
Q

What is an Aggregator/Distributor?

A

It is the company who collects copyring information of the ARTIST & LABEL, and PUBLISHER & SONGWRITER, and then submits to digital streaming platforms, finally collecting funds to distribute to ARTIST & LABEL (but not PUBLISHERS & COMPOSERS)

32
Q

Where do royalties to ARTISTS come from?

A

They are paid from the LABEL as a result of sales of sound recordings (physical or digital) as negotiated by the contract of copyrighted material

33
Q

What is a Synchronization License?

A

It is a fee negotiated by copyright owners with film, TV, commercial, or video game producers for a secondary usage of an existing recording or composition

34
Q

How is a Synchronization License paid?

A

It is paid by the producers directly to the copyright owners who then pay the composers and artists

35
Q

How is the copyright on a song split up?

A

PUBLISHERS are for the song copyright
LABELS are for the sound copyright

36
Q

How are song royalties traditionally split?

A

The publisher gets 50% and then pays the singwriter 50% (which then gets split 50/50 between the melody and lyrics)

37
Q

How are songs split royalties split in hip hop?

A

The publisher gets 50% and then pays the songwriter 50% (which is split between the top-line lyrics and background track)

38
Q

What are the two copyrights?

A

Master Recording Copyright
Compositional Copyright

39
Q

What is the Master Recording Copyright

A

The copyright on the actual sound recording

40
Q

What is the Compositional Copyright?

A

It is the music and lyrics of the song

41
Q

What are the two types of royalties generated by the Master Recording Copyright?

A

Master Royalty
Digital Performance Royalty

42
Q

What are the four types of royalties generated by the Compositional Copyright?

A

Mechanical Royalty
Performance Royalty
Micro-sync Royalty
Print Royalty

43
Q

What are the steps for creating and selling music?

A
  1. Write a song
  2. Record the song
  3. Establish the compositional copyright through a publishing company and PRO
  4. Register the copyright in DC yourself or through distributor
  5. Establish the master recording copyright through a record label or distributor
44
Q

What did you do with your $10,000?

A

You bought video recording equipment for $5850, including a camera, lights, microphone, and vocal booth. You also bought a mastering plugin for $100 and a distrokid subscription for $23. $2462 was spent on promotion and $1500 was straight profit.

45
Q

What did you do in your budget assignment?

A

Wrote, Recorded, and Edited a 4 song EP to be released online in 3 months, while recording the whole process.

Music Production (3 decks)

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