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EMT > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Function of alveoli

A

CO2 and O2 exchange

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2
Q

Purpose of Scene Size-up and Primary Assessment

A

To find potential life threats

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3
Q

When to do scene size-up and primary assessment

A

Immediately upon arrival, when pt’s condition changes, after interventions

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4
Q

Components of Scene Size-up

A 
PENMAN
Personal, partner, pedestrian, partner safety
Environmental Hazards
Number of Patients
Mechanisms of injury/illness
Additional resources
Need for spinal immobilization
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5
Q

Examples of PPE

A

Gloves, mask, boots, helmet, bright vest (for traffic incidents), gown

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6
Q

Basic Components of Primary Assessment

A 
General Impression of Life Threatening Conditions
Patient Rapport
Determine Responsiveness
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disabilities/Deformities
Chief Complaint
Transport Decision
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7
Q

Step with first patient contact

A

Patient Rapport

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8
Q

Orientation

A

Name, Place, Time, Event (Check when appropriate)

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9
Q

AVPU

A

Alert, verbal, painful, unresponsive

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10
Q

Airway

A

patent/obstructed

Consider adjuncts or suction

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11
Q

Breathing

A

Fast/Slow, Shallow/Deep
Consider O2/ventilation
Check lung sounds

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12
Q

Circulation

A 
Check
COPS:
Capillary refill
Obvious bleeding
Pulse (rate, rhythm, quality)
Skin Signs (color, temp, moisture, bleeding)
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13
Q

If circulation compromised

A 
POWR
Position
Oxygen
Warmth
Rapid Transport
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14
Q

Disabilities/Deformities

A

Expose patient
Physical and Mental
Altered mental status, neurological deficits, abnormal body presentation (posture)
For neuro, test pupils and orientation

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15
Q

Transport Decision Options

A

Prioritize patients

Consider ALS or Hospital

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16
Q

When to activate ALS

A

Chest pain, any life threat

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17
Q

First step of assessing breathing

A

Open airway

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18
Q

Two approaches to secondary assessment

A

Responsive medical/minor trauma

Major trauma/unresponsive medical

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19
Q

Major trauma vs. Minor trauma

A

Life threat vs. No life threat

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20
Q

Componentas of Responsive medical/minor trauma secondary

A

OPQRST
SAMPLE
Vitals
Pertinent Body Check

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21
Q

Components of Major Trauma/unresponsive medical

A 
60 Second Rapid Trauma Assessment
Vitals
OPQRST
SAMPLE
Detailed Physical Exam
Everything except 60 second assessment not done on scene
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22
Q

OPQRST

A

Assessing Pain, Shortness of breath, etc.
Onset- sudden or gradual
Provoke/Palliation- What makes it better or worse?
Quality- Ask to describe pain in own words, then coach
Region/Radiation/Reccurrence- point with finger, does it go beyond point, ever felt in past
Severity- (0-10)
Time- How long have you had pain since arrival

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23
Q

SAMPLE

A

Signs/Symptims- Things you see/Things patient tells you
Allergies/Age/Weight- Allergies to meds or food, ask age, guess weight
Meds- What do you take and what for (prescription and recreational)
Pertinent Medical History- last time in hospital, past med provlems
Last oral intake/Last exit (blood in stool)
Events Surrounding incident- What were you doing before pain

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24
Q

Aspects of assessment (usually trauma)

A 
DCAPBTLS
Deformities
Contusions
Abrasions
Penetrations/Punctures
Burns
Tenderness
Lacerations
Swelling/Scars
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25
Q

Areas to check in 60 second trauma, more detail in detailed assessment

A 
Head/Face
Neck
Chest
Abdomen
Pelvis
Extremities (CMS)
Back (Lung sounds, palpate)
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26
Q

Vitals

A 
BP
Eyes/Pupils (size, equality, reactivity)
Lung sounds
Respirations (rate, effort, tidal volume)
Pulse (rate, rhythm, quality)
Pulse Oximetry (if below 95%, oxygenate)
Responsiveness and orientation (checked earlier)
Skin signs (checked earlier)
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27
Q

If irregular pulse

A

Count full minute instead of 30 secs

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28
Q

Pulse spots

A 
Temporal
Carotid
Radial
Ulnar
Brachial
Femoral
Popliteal
Dorsalis Pedis
Posterior Tibial
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29
Q

80-70-60

A

BP of at least 80 if radial pulse
BP of at least 70 if bracheal pulse
BP of at least 60 if carotid pulse

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30
Q

Normal breathing rates for adults

A

12-20 per minute

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31
Q

Slow breathing

A

Bradypnea (less than 12 per minute)

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32
Q

Fast breathing

A

Tachypnea (greater than 20 per minute)

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33
Q

Checking for lung sounds

A

three spots bilaterally on front and back

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34
Q

Obstructed/noisy breathing sounds

A

Wheezes, stridor, crackles (rales, ronchi), snoring

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35
Q

Cyanosis

A

Blue skin, means decreased O2

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36
Q

Pallor

A

white skin, means decreased circulation or blood volume

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37
Q

Ashen

A

means decreased 02 and decreased circulation/blood volume

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38
Q

Diaphoretic

A

sweaty

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39
Q

Systolic BP

A

force of blood against arteries when ventricles contract

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40
Q

Diastolic BP

A

force of blood against arteries when ventricles relax

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41
Q

Pulse pressure

A

difference between systolic value and diastolic value

42
Q

Frequency of vital signs reassessment

A

Stable patients every 15 minutes
Unstable patients every 5 minutes
After each medical intervention
Clinically, every chance you get

43
Q

Visual signs of adequate breathing

A

Equal chest rise and fall

Skin color

44
Q

Auditory signs of adequate breathing

A

Air pass easily through nose and mouth

Abnormal lung noises

45
Q

Feeling signs of adequate breathing

A

Feel air moving in and out of nose and mouth

46
Q

Function of alveoli

A

CO2 and O2 exchange

47
Q

Respiratory distress

A

Dyspnea, Tachypnea, Tachycardia, Upright breathing, accelerated muscle use, labored breathing

48
Q

Respiratory failure

A

Oxygen intake not enough to support life

49
Q

Respiratory Arrest

A

Breathing stops completely

50
Q

Dead space

A

does not participate in gas exchange

51
Q

Vital capacity

A

amount that can be forcibly exhaled

52
Q

Residual volume

A

air remaining after maximal expiration

53
Q

External respiration

A

In the lungs (air reaches alveoli)

54
Q

Internal respiration

A

oxygenated blood circulates

55
Q

Cellular respiration

A

metabolism, O2 causes ATP production

56
Q

Signs of inadequate breathing in infants and children

A

Nasal flaring, see-saw breathing, retractions

57
Q

Signs of inadequate breathing in infants and children

A

Nasal flaring, see-saw breathing, retractions

58
Q

Suction must maintain vacuum of what volume when clamped

A

300mL

59
Q

Other words for hard suction catheter

A

Yankaur, tonsil tip

60
Q

Use of hard suction

A

blood, vommit, mucous

61
Q

Other words for soft suction catheter

A

French or Whistle tip

62
Q

Uses of soft suction

A

Nasopharynx and when hard suctioning won’t work or for stoma, oral trauma, kids, older people

63
Q

Measuring depth of suction

A

corner of patient’s mouth to earlobe

64
Q

Suctioning times for adult, child, infant

A

15s, 10s, 5s

65
Q

Function of OPA

A

sits on tongue, prevents it from going back

66
Q

Measuring OPA

A

corner of mouth to earlobe

center of mouth to angle of jaw

67
Q

Measuring NPA

A

Tip of nose to earlobe

68
Q

BVM doses

A 
Infant: 150-240
Ped 500-700
Adult 1200-1600
With supplemental O2- 400-600
W/o supplemental O2- 700-1000
69
Q

BVM doses

A 
Infant: 150-240
Ped 500-700
Adult 1200-1600
With supplemental O2- 400-600
W/o supplemental O2- 700-1000
70
Q

Size for ventilating stoma

A

Pedi

71
Q

When to use supplemental O2

A

Adequate respiratory rate

Adequate volume

72
Q

Conc. of oxygen from nasal cannula

A

44%

73
Q

Setting of nasal canula

A

2-6lpm

74
Q

Nonrebreather mask setting

A

8/10-15lpm

75
Q

Percent O2 in non-rebreather

A

90%

76
Q

Power grip

A

hands 10” apart, fingers at same angle, curved palm

77
Q

Sacrum

A

mechanical weight-bearing base of spinal column and fused central posterior section of pelvic girdle

78
Q

bariatrics

A

study of obese and moving obese people

79
Q

Secure patient to backboard on gurney if

A

Spinal injury or multisystem trauma

Patient needs CPR

80
Q

Weight for bariatric stretcher

A

850-900lbs.

81
Q

Flexible stretcher

A

Good for storage and carrying
Conforms around patient’s sides
Supports and immobilizes but uncomfortable
Lowered by rope and slides down steps

82
Q

Long backboard

A

long, flat rigid

For immobilized

83
Q

Portable stretcher

A

Used in areas difficult to reach

84
Q

Short backboard

A

for seated patients

3-4 feet long

85
Q

Basket stretcher

A

aka Stokes stretcher

For remote areas (water rescue, technical rope rescues)

86
Q

Scoop stretcher

A

Splits into two or four pieces

Not adequate immobilization

87
Q

Stair chair

A

Fold out handles

Wheels in back

88
Q

Neonatal isolette

A

incubator
Not transported on wheel stretcher
keeps neonate warm, no noise, wind, infection

89
Q

Rapid extrication technique

A

maintains stabilization of spine at all times

90
Q

Don’t use extremity lift for

A

deformed humerus

91
Q

Direct ground lift

A

for i.e. abdominal pain

92
Q

If error in PCR

A

cross out with one line, initial, write fix

93
Q

If error in PCR

A

cross out with one line, initial, write fix

94
Q

Palpate for

A

Tenderness
Instability
Crepitus

95
Q

Secondary Assessment additional assessment of Head

A 
Assymmetry of head and face
Drainage (CSF, blood)
Raccoon eyes
Battle signs
Soot and singed nasal or facial hairs
Coffe ground emesis (vommiting digested blood)
96
Q

Secondary Assessment additional assessment of Neck

A 
Track marks and tattoos
Medical alert tags
Jugular vein distension
Tracheal deviation
Accessory muscle use
Carotid pulses
Subcutaneous emphysema (crepitus)
Stoma
97
Q

Secondary Assessment additional assessment of Chest

A

Paradoxical movement
Accessory muscle use
Sucking chest wound
Subcutaneous emphysema (crepitus)

98
Q

Secondary Assessment additional assessment of Abdomen

A 
Distention (stomach really big)
Rigidity/guarding
Pulsating mass
Signs of pregnancy and/or complications
Subcutaneous emphysema (crepitus)
99
Q

Secondary Assessment additional assessment of Pelvis

A 
Femoral pulses
Incontinence
Priapism (painful, unwanted erection from spinal injury or drugs)
Signs of pregnancy and/or complications
Vaginal bleeding
100
Q

Secondary Assessment additional assessment of Lower extremities

A 
Track marks or tattoos
Medical alert tags
Pedal pulses
Motor movement and function
Sensation
101
Q

Secondary Assessment additional assessment of Upper extremities

A 
Track marks and tattoos
Medical alert tags
Brachial/radial pulses
Motor movement and function
Sensation
102
Q

Secondary Assessment additional assessment of Back

A

Tattoos
Cubcutaneous emphysema (crepitus)
Sacral edema

EMT (3 decks)

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