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Human Development #2 > Test #2 > Flashcards

Test #2 Flashcards

0
Q

Animism

A

The belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are capable of action

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1
Q

Egocentrism

A

Cannot distinguish one’s own perspective from someone else

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2
Q

Conservation

A

Altering a substance’s appearance does not change its basic properties

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3
Q

Scaffolding

A

Changing the level of support during a teaching session

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4
Q

Privates peach

A

Use of language for self-regulation

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5
Q

Gross motor skills

A
  • Large muscle activity

* arms legs

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6
Q

Fine motor skills

A
  • Finely tuned movements

* fingers

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7
Q

How do children in early childhood represent the world around them?

A

Words, images, drawings

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8
Q

Early childhood cognition is dominated with what?

A

Egocentrism and magical beliefs

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9
Q

Magical beliefs

A

Disconnect between cause and effect.

Cookies must be in cookie box

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10
Q

Types of abuse

A
  • Physical
  • neglect (physical, education,emotional)
  • Sexual
  • Emotional
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11
Q

Self-regulation

A

Improves through first year, self talk helps

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12
Q

Self-conscious emotions

A 
Require self-awareness or a sense of "me"
•jealousy
•empathy
•embarrassment
•Pride
•Shame
Not before 6 months but within 2 years
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13
Q

Parenting styles

A
  • Authoritarian
  • Authoritative
  • Neglectful
  • Indulgent
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14
Q

Processing social cues

A

Social referencing

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15
Q

Schemes

A

Actions or mental representations that organize knowledge

  • behavioral (sucking, grasping)
  • mental (Orange, orange)
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16
Q

Assimilation

A

Occurs when children use their existing schemes to deal with new information

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17
Q

Accommodation

A

Occurs when children adjust their schemes to take new information and experiences into account

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18
Q

Object permanence

A

The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched.

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19
Q

Eyesight at birth

A

Newborn 20/240

6 months 20/40

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20
Q

Habituation

A

Decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations

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21
Q

Goodness of fit

A

The match between a child’s temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with

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22
Q

Temperament

A 
Individual differences in behavioral styles, emotions, and characteristic ways or responding
•easy
•difficult
•slow to warm up
•unclassified
23
Q

Emotions

A

Feeling or affect, that occurs when a person is in a state or an interaction that is important to him or her, especially to his or her well-being

24
Q

Three types of cries

A
  • Basic cry
  • anger cry
  • pain cry
25
Q

Attachment

A

A close emotional bond between two people

26
Q

Smile

A
  • Reflex smile

* social smile

27
Q

Perception

A

The interpretation of what is sensed

28
Q

Imitation

A

Imitative abilities are biologically based and are characterized by flexibility and adaptability

29
Q

ZPD

A

(Zone of proximal development)

Range of tasks that are too difficult for the child alone but that can be learned with guidance

30
Q

Gender roles

A

Sets of expectations that prescribe how females or males should think, act, and feel

31
Q

Gender identity

A

The sense of being male or female

32
Q

Reflexes

A

Built in reactions to stimuli; automatic and inborn

33
Q

SIDS

A

Sudden infant death syndrome

  • highest cause of infant death in U.S
  • highest risk is 2-4 months
34
Q

Cephlocaucal

A

Sequence in which the earliest growth always occurs from the top downward

35
Q

Proxiomodistal

A

Sequence in which growth starts in the center of the body and moves toward the extremities

36
Q

Stranger anxiety

A
  • Fear or weariness of strangers

* starts at 6 months, intensifies at 9 months, decrease at 12 months

37
Q

Repeated experience

A

Wires and retires the brain

38
Q

Broca’s and Wernicke’s area

A

Broca= language production

Wernicke= language comprehension

39
Q

Sequence of talking

A 
Birth= crying
2-4= cooing
5= understand first word
6= babbling begins
7-11= from universal linguist to language specific listener
8-12= gestures, comprehension of words
13= first word spoken
18= vocab spurts
18-24= two word, rapid expansion of understanding words
40
Q

Frontal lobe

A
  • Voluntary movement
  • thinking
  • personality
  • intentionality or purpose
41
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Function in vision

42
Q

Temporal lobe

A
  • Hearing
  • language
  • processing
  • memory
43
Q

Parietal lobe

A
  • Spatial location
  • attention
  • motor control
44
Q

Basic cry

A

Rhythmic pattern with brief silence, short breath of air.There is a pause then the main cry

45
Q

Anger cry:

A

More Air Force through vocal cords

46
Q

Pain cry:

A

Sudden long cry followed by breath holding

47
Q

Easy child:

A

40%

Positive mood,adapts easily,establishes routine

48
Q

Difficult child:

A

10%

  • Reacts negatively
  • cries frequently
  • irregular routines
  • slow accept change
49
Q

Slow to warm up:

A

15%

  • Low activity level
  • Low intensity
  • Somewhat negative
50
Q

Unclassified:

A

35%

Display varying types or did not fit

51
Q

Authoritarian

A

Parents demand obedience and respect

52
Q

Authoritative

A

Encourages children to be independent while placing limits and controls on action

53
Q

Neglectful

A

Parent is very uninvolved in child’s life

54
Q

Indulgent

A

Parents highly involved but place few demands or controls on the child

Human Development #2 (1 decks)

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