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Social Psychology > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Purpose of personal space: (2)

A

One – use it to maintain privacy and protect from too much arousal

Two – use it as a regulator/indicator of our relationship to others

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1
Q

Personal space

A

Buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies

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2
Q

What is the personal zone space?

A

It is larger in the front and the back and the sides

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3
Q

What factors influence personal space? (4)

A

Culture, sex, age, many specific personal/environmental factors

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4
Q

What is ones response to violation of personal space?

A

Arousal, defense

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5
Q

Territoriality

A

An area controlled by a specific group or individual

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6
Q

What are different types of territory? (3)

A

Primary, secondary, and public territories

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7
Q

How do we define a group?

A

To slash more people who, for no longer than a few moments, interact with and influence one another and perceive one another as us

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8
Q

What is Deindividuation?

A

Loss of self-awareness and evaluation apprehension

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9
Q

When is Deindividuation most likely to occur

A

Occurs in group situations that foster responsiveness to group normal, good or bad

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10
Q

Natural selection

A

The evolutionary process by which a radical traits that best enable organisms to survive and reproduce in particular environments or passed to ensuing generations

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11
Q

Evolutionary psychology

A

The study of the evolution of cognition and behavior using principles of natural selection

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12
Q

Pluralistic ignorance

A

A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling, or how they are responding

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13
Q

Social comparison

A

Evaluating one’s abilities and opinions by comparing oneself with others

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14
Q

Free riders

A

People who benefit from the group but give little in return

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15
Q

Social loafing

A

Tendency for people to exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal than when they are individually accountable

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16
Q

Evaluation apprehension

A

Concern for how others are evaluating us

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17
Q

Attitude

A

A favorable or unfavorable evaluative reaction toward something or someone, exhibited in one’s beliefs, feelings, or intended behavior

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18
Q

When do attitudes predict behavior? (3)

A

One – with social influences our minimized

Two - when we look at specific attitudes

Three- when we maximize attitude potency

19
Q

What are behaviors affecting attitudes

A

Self presentation, self-justification, and self perception

20
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

Tension that arises when one is aware of two inconsistent cognitions

21
Q

How do we attempt to reduce cognitive dissonance? (5)

A

Change attitude, change perception of behavior, consonant cognitions, minimize the importance of the conflict, reduce perceived choice

22
Q

Factors that affect cognitive dissonance (5)

A

Choice, foreseeability, negative outcomes, physiological arousal, so specific brain areas seem to play a role in processes related to dissonance( anterior cingulate cortex; insular cortex)

23
Q

Role

A

A set of norms that defines how people any given social position ought to behave

24
Q

Foot-in-the door phenomenon

A

The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

25
Q

Low-ball technique

A

A tactic for getting people to agree to something. People who agreed to an initial request will often so comply with the request or upset antsy. People who receive only the costly request are less likely to comply with it

26
Q

Over justification effect

A

The result of driving people to do what they already like doing; they may even see their actions as externally controlled rather than intrinsically appealing

27
Q

Bogus pipeline

A

designed to reduce the effect of self-presentational motivations on attitudinal and behavioral self-reports

28
Q

Self perception theory

A

The Siri that would we aren’t sure of our attitudes, we can further much as would someone observing us – by looking at our behavior in this area under which it occurs

29
Q

self presentation

A

The act of expressing oneself and behaving in ways designed to create a favorable impression or an impression that corresponds to one’s ideals

30
Q

Why does self presentation. Effect attitude?

A

Impression management

31
Q

Why does self justification. Effect attitude?

A

Cognitive dissonance

32
Q

Why does self perception Effect attitude?

A

Self-observation.

33
Q

How can groupthink be avoided?

A

Change attitude, change perception of behavior, consonant cognition, minimize the importance of the conflict

34
Q

What are the criticisms of evolutionary psychology on mating?

A

Evolutionary psychologist sometimes start with the effect and then work backwards to construct an explanation for it

35
Q

What are evolutionary theories about mate selection? (3)

A

Theory of reciprocal altruism, theory of parents are investment and sexual selection, theory a parent – offspring conflict

36
Q

Theory of reciprocal altruism

A

They hired investing sex will be more selective and choice of mating partners

37
Q

Theory of parental investment and natural selection

A

Males can sometimes to contribute resources to us ring, emails will select maze in part based on their ability and willingness to contribute resources

38
Q

Theory of parent offspring conflict

A

Sex that invests last parents live in offspring will be more competitive with each other for meeting access to the high investing sex

39
Q

Differences between genders

A

Independence vs. connectiveness
Social dominance
Aggression
Sexuality

40
Q

Gender role identity

A

The set of behavior expectations or norms for males and females that an individual identifies themselves with

41
Q

Group polarization

A

Group produced enhancements of members creates the same tendencies; the strengthening of members average didn’t see, not a split with in the group

42
Q

Why does group polarization occur?

A

Information influence
Normative influence:
Social comparison
Pluralistic ignorance

43
Q

Why does social facilitation occur?

A

Evaluation apprehension
Driven by distraction
Mere presence

44
Q

What are the major components of attitudes? (ABC)

A

Affect (feelings)
Behavior tendency
Cognition (thoughts)

Social Psychology (4 decks)

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