test 2 Flashcards
Indicate the origin of the religions ethic of stewardship explain what this ethic calls for and provide one example of this ethic in the contemporary US.
Bible
Strong call for human responsibility to care for and protect the natural world
ex: Pope Francis
Define conservation and preservation
conservation: the efficient use of natural resources, to sustain resource productivity over time
preservation: an env. ethic/management of a resource for protection
What is global warming and what is causing it? Explain in more detail.
An increase in the temperatures of Earth’s atmosphere
CAUSES:
1. Greenhouse gases
2. Economic development and industrialization
Indicate top global emitters of CO2: countries as a whole and per capita.
China (country as a whole)
U.S (per capita)
Provide a complete definition of distributional equity
redress inequitable distributions
Everyone in a society should bear the same level of environmental burden and enjoy the same level of environmental benefit.
Provide a complete definition of procedural equity
participation in decision making
Everyone’s voice should matter the same (regardless of class, race, or gender) when it comes to environmental affairs and issues.
How did, or did not the Menomonee Valley brownfields redevelopment project incorporate the goals of procedural equity? Explain briefly.
increased local tax base
job growth
minimizes urban sprawl
health/environmental improvement and protection
environmental (and socio-economic) justice
What two main reasons- economic and political- create the inequitable distribution of plastic bags in Nairobi Kenya? Explain
Socio-economic:
plastic bag production is a very profitable investment
the plastic industry offers considerable employment
75% of residents in low-income areas receive no solid waste service & sewer connections are virtually non-existent
Political:
power struggles within the city council
unregulated privatization of municipal services:
common for private companies to dispose waste in low-income areas
transferring the waste problem from the rich neighborhoods to the poor ones
Define ecofeminism
links patriarchy to degradation of both the environment and the social condition of women
What was the key goal of New Deal Conservation and how was that put into practice? Explain
The main goal was economic recovery. They created work relief programs with all the land and unemployed people and employed people in national parks/forests to make improvements.
What has been the institutional and legislative legacy of the Era of the Environment in the US? Explain
institutional; Environmental Protection Agency formed in 1970
legislative:
Clean Air Act / Endangered Species Act / Safe Drinking Water Act / Clean Water Act
Protection of Public Health and species
What are climate change based adaptation strategies? Explain (goal) and provide one example. (of one)
The goal is to alleviate negative effects associated with climate change. Example is “sea wall” since rising sea levels, this will try to help prevent flooding.
Why does Shiva argue that modern science is reductionist and a patriarchal project and how has that contributed specifically to maldevelopment? Explain in detail.
idk
Based on “Sweet Water Organics” what are the environmental and social benefits of aquaponics? Discuss in detail.
Environmental: provides organic agriculture in a city space, fish grown in U.S. prevents fish depletion, energy efficient.
Social: to turn industrial buildings into aquaponics centers, benefit the community with protein packed fish
Based on “Rats to Roses” what are the cultural benefits of community gardens in NYC? Discuss in detail.
Brings together various cultures in the surrounding neighborhoods
Puerto Ricans, Mexicans, Southern Blacks gravitate to gardens because their cultures are familiar with gardening
They educate New Yorkers on gardening, unites the cultures
