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Geography > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the main plate boundaries in Latin America?

A

The Pacific Ring of Fire. Lots of Earthquakes and Volcanos here

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2
Q

Mt Popocatepetl

A

Largest Volcano in Mexico. 50 miles from city. If erupts, Mexico city could be gone

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3
Q

What is Patagonia?

A

A pleateau that is a popular tourist attraction. Sparsly populated

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4
Q

The altiplano

A

This is the capitol city of mexico. It is at 12,000 feet above ground

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5
Q

3 major river basins of Latin America?

A

Amazon, PLato, Orinoco

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6
Q

The amazon river?

A

2nd longest in the world. 4,000 miles in length. Largest in volume and flows west to east

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7
Q

Amazon and Negro

A

The rivers flow side to side for 50 miles with waters staying in their separate rivers.

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8
Q

The amazon basin

A

This is the worlds largest rainforest. Referred to as the lungs of the earth. contains 20% of the earths freshwater

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9
Q

The Atacama desert

A

This is the driest place on earth. Large deposits of copper and lithium makes for a lot of mining in this area

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10
Q

The Nazca lines. Why were they created?

A

Created 200-600 Ce by Nazca Indians. They were linked to water sources

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11
Q

Why was El Nino important?

A

A reversal of ocean and wind currents happened

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12
Q

`What are four reasons for deforestation in the Amazon?

A

Grassification, Slash and Burn agriculture, Lumber/mining, Tourism

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13
Q

Air pollution in Mexico city

A

Warm layer of air gets trapped between 2 cold layers (lid on pot)

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14
Q

Water shortages in Mexico city

A

Lakes drained for agriculture by the Aztecs

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15
Q

Subsidence in Mexico city

A

Mexico is sinking. draining aquifus is increasing rate of subsidence

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16
Q

What percent of Latin America is Urban?

A

78%

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17
Q

Brasillia

A

A relocated capital. Capitol used to be Rio. The city was planned

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18
Q

Rio de Janerio

A

This used to be the Capitol. Was relocated to Brasillia. Has the coast, city and mountains. High rates of poverty

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19
Q

Emigration

A

Hispanics make up 17% of US

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20
Q

What were the early civilizations in Latin America?

A

Maya, Aztec, Inca. They consisted of large cities and trade networks

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21
Q

Who did Machu Picho belong to?

A

The Incas

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22
Q

What happened to natives in the new world

A

90% of these people died due to disease

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23
Q

The Columbian exchange

A

This was the transfer of products across the atlantic. The old world received veggies and chocolate. New world received coffee and sugarcane

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24
Q

The Treaty of tordesillas and papal line

A

This established division of land between Spanish and Portugese

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25
Q

The Falkland islands

A

Started a war between UK and Argentina in 1982. UK controls it but Argentina claims ownership

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26
Q

The panama canal. Started? Finished?

A

Started by the French in 1881. Finished by US in 1914. Given to Panama from the US in 2000. Expansion started in 2016

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27
Q

NAFTA (1994)

A

This involves trade between US Canada and Mexico

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28
Q

Cafta (2004)

A

Central America trade. Involves most countries from central America

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29
Q

Oil Wealth in Latin America

A

Venuzuela, Brazil, Mexico.

Brazil: Off the coast
Mexico: In the gulf of Mexico

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30
Q

What is the most important tectonic plate in the Carribean?

A

The carribean plate. Most countries are on this plate

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31
Q

Why isn’t the carribean apart of Latin America

A

Plantation agriculture is more prevelant and is isolated. Less economic development as well

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32
Q

Climate type in the Carribean?

A

Tropical, many hurricanes

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33
Q

What is the problem in Haiti?

A

They are always recovering from either an earthquake or hurricane.

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34
Q

What is the reasoning for deforestation and soil erosion in the Caribbean?

A

Rapid population growth and Use of characol as fuel

35
Q

What are the four islands of the greater antiles (where most people live in the Caribbean)

A

Cuba, Hispanolia, Puerto Rico, Jamaica. 85% of people live here

36
Q

Plantation settlements in Caribbean

A

Mono-crop production. Producing just one crop - often sugarcane

37
Q

African slave trade

A

50% of slaves from Africa went to the Caribbean islands

38
Q

Maroons?

A

These were slaves who ran away from their owners and settled in remote areas

39
Q

What were 4 cultural influences in the Caribbean?

A

European, African, Asian (indentured servants), indigenous peoples

40
Q

Creolization

A

This is blended languages, relgions, food, music, etc.

41
Q

Caribbean was a European battleground, why?

A

It was a strategic location with profitable sugar industries

42
Q

What changed the Caribbean from European to American dominance?

A

The Monroe doctrine.

The Spanish American War (1898) The US got Puerto Rico, Guam, Phillipines from this

43
Q

Issues in Puerto Rico

A

They are US citizens but can’t vote

44
Q

Soviet Union and Cuba

A

They have a Soviet Influence - sided with soviets until they became Russia.

45
Q

US-Cuba diplomatic relations

A

Human rights issues

46
Q

Free trade zones

A

Consists mostly of clothing manufacturing industries

47
Q

Impacts of Tourism in Caribbean

A
  1. attracts 20 mil tourists
  2. capital leakage - very little money stays in islands
  3. Environmental degradation due to all the ships coming in and out
48
Q

Geographic setting of Europe

A
  1. 42 countries

2. About 2/3 size of US

49
Q

What are the 4 landscape regions of Europe?

A

North European lowland, The alpine system, western uplands, central uplands

50
Q

North European lowland

A

highest population density

51
Q

The alpine system

A

younger, active mountains. Earthquakes and volcanos (swiss alps)

52
Q

Western uplands

A

Geologically oldest area. Glaciers and fjords

53
Q

Central uplands

A

Forested hills. Scenic river valleys/castles

54
Q

What is the significance of the Rhine River?

A

This is Europes busiest port

55
Q

What is the significance of the Danube River?

A

It is a beautiful river and Europes longest

56
Q

3 main climate zones of Europe

A

Marine West Coast, Mediteranian, Continental

57
Q

Maritime influences

A

The north Atlantic current brings warm water along the edges. Causes moderate temps in high latitudes

58
Q

Environmental issues in Europe

A

It is the worlds “greenest” region. But not as green as used to be. SO2 mixes with water vapor to cause a lot of deforestation

59
Q

Renewable energy

A

Wind and Solar Power. The average European uses half of what an american uses in energy

60
Q

Land reclamtion in the Nethrlands

A

Using wind to try and reclaim land. 27% of Netherlands is below sea level

61
Q

What are polders?

A

Land reclaimed by Sea

62
Q

Urbanization in Europe

A

75% of people live in cities

63
Q

Population growth in Europe?

A

Mostly low or no growth

64
Q

What does it mean that Europe has declining TFRs?

A

This is due to the replacement rate. Not enough people to keep up with society

65
Q

What are some consequnces of low growth in Europe?

A

Labor Shortages, Lower tax revenues, Aging populations

66
Q

Incentives from growth in Europe

A
  • Cash payments to have babies

- Family-friendly policies…employment gurantees and subsidized childcare

67
Q

The Schengen Agreement?

A

The was an agreement that there would be free movement across national borders of member states in Europe

68
Q

Cultural nationalism (languages in Europe)

A

This is trying to preserve ones own culture and language.

69
Q

The Belgian Divide

A

In the north they speak dutch and the south they speak French. Each want their language to be the official language of the country

70
Q

What religion is predominant in Europe?

A

Christianity

71
Q

What is the rise of secularism reffering to in Europe?

A

Many churches are no longer in use and are being converted into skate parks, shopping malls, etc. Because not a lot of people go to church anymore

72
Q

Impacts of World Wars in Europe

A

There were changes in population (more females), creation of new boundaries, change in landscape

73
Q

Battle of Somme

A

Over 1 million casulaties. 20,000 British soldiers died on this first day

74
Q

What were 3 devolution movements in Europe?

A

Northern Italy, Scotland, Catalonia

75
Q

Irredentism

A

A desire to gain control over separated populations/territories

76
Q

Where is the birthplace of industrial revolution?

A

England

77
Q

What was the EU originally?

A

an economic union

78
Q

What is the EU now?

A

A political, military, and cultural alliance. There are 28 members currently

79
Q

What are some notable non members of the EU?

A

Switzerland and Norway

80
Q

What does Switzerland have that the EU wants? Norway?

A

Switz- they have a policy of being neutral in everything. In addition, they are a wealthy country that would have to fork over money to the EU
Norway- They have oil deposits and would have to give up whaling

81
Q

Currency issues in the EU

A

Euros are used by some but not all members of the EU.

82
Q

Which side of Europe is poorer? richer?

A

West-rich East-poor

83
Q

EU’s economic and social crises

A

High unemployment rates in some countries. Greece has 25% unemployment. Spain has 20% unemployment

Geography (4 decks)

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