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Histology (SW) > Test 2 Lab: Digestive System > Flashcards

Test 2 Lab: Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 things the mucosa consists of?

26

A

Epithelial lining, lamina propia, and muscularis mucosa.

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of tissue most likely contained in the lamina propria?

(26)

A

Loose CT containing diffuse lymphatic tissue (sometimes with lymphatic nodules).

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3
Q

What is loose connective tissue comprised of?

26

A

Comprised of very thin, delicate collagen fibers in a disorganized or irregular pattern.

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4
Q

How is diffuse lymphatic tissue most distinctively characterized by?

(26)

A

High number of nuclei uniformly distributed just deep to the overlying epithelium.

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5
Q

What is a dense collection of immune cells (primarily lymphocytes) that accumulate in the diffuse lymphatic tissue of the lamina propria called?

(26)

A

Lymphoid nodule.

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6
Q

What is the deepest layer of the mucosa called?

26

A

Muscularis mucosa.

Consists of smooth muscle

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7
Q

How are the 2 thin layers of the muscularis mucosa oriented?

26

A

The inner layer is oriented circularly around the lumen, and the outer layer is oriented longitudinally to the lumen.

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8
Q

What is the layer deep to the mucosa called?
What kind of tissue?
What does it contain?

(26)

A

Submucosa.
Dense irregular connective tissue.
Contains large intrinsic neurovascular components and accommodates large glands that connect to the luminal surface via ducts.

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9
Q

Where is the muscularis externa located?
How many layers does it consist of?

(26)

A

Located near the outer portion of the wall of the alimentary canal (it’s the most prominent layer).
Has 2 layers: Inner layer (oriented circularly), outer layer (oriented longitudinally).

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10
Q

What type of tissue makes up the adventitia?

27

A

Dense irregular connective tissue.

outer layer, peripheral to the muscularis externa

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11
Q

What kind of epithelium covers the serosa?

27

A

Simple squamous epithelium.

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12
Q

What does the esophagus mucosa consist of?

28

A

Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa.

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13
Q

Is the esophagus muscularis mucosa thicker or thinner than the lamina propria of more distal segments of the alimentary canal?

(28)

A

Esophagus muscularis mucosa is thicker.

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14
Q

What do the glands in the submucosa produce?

28

A

Mucous.
(The glands are not visible in most slides, but their excretory ducts are often visible as they pass through the mucosa).

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15
Q

What is primarily responsible for peristalsis?
How do the upper and lower regions of this differ?

(28)

A

Esophagus muscularis externa is primarily responsible for peristalsis.
Upper region is comprised of skeletal muscle.
Lower region is comprised of smooth muscle.

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16
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the stomach mucosa?
What kind of glands is the majority of the stomach mucosa comprised of?

(30)

A

Luminal surface is lined by simple columnar epithelium.

The glands are compound tubular gastric glands.

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17
Q

What kind of cells line the lumen of the alimentary canal from the stomach through the rectum?

(30)

A

Simple columnar epithelium.

Has an indistinct basement membrane

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18
Q

What is the tubular invagination from the stomach lumen called?

(30)

A

Gastric pit.

The fundus gastric pit is short, and the pylorus gastric pit is long.

19
Q

Where are surface mucous cells found?
What do they produce?

(30)

A

Line the stomach lumen and the upper 2/3 of the gastric pits.
Produce a very viscous protective mucous coating.

20
Q

Where are mucous neck cells found?
What do they produce?

(30)

A

Located in lower third (neck region) of the gastric pits.
Produce a fairly thin mucous coating.
(Location is the difference b/w mucous neck and surface neck cells).

21
Q

What are 2 of the cell types that line the gastric glands?

30

A

Parietal cells and chief cells.

Relatively short and lined only by mucous producing cells in the pylorus

22
Q

What is the predominate cell type lining the upper 2/3 of the gastric glands in the fundus and body of the stomach (not the pylorus)?

(30)

A

Parietal cell.

Large pale pink stained cell; cytoplasm nongranular; one central nucleus

23
Q

What type of cell functions in hydrochloric acid secretion?

30

A

Parietal cell

24
Q

Where are chief cells found in the stomach?

30

A

Predominate cell type lining the lower 1/3 of the gastric glands in the fundus and body (but not the pylorus).

25
Q

What is easily identifiable in the stomach lamina propria?

30

A

Plasma cells.

26
Q

What doe contraction of the stomach muscularis mucosa facilitate?

(30)

A

Facilitates moving gastric gland secretions into the stomach lumen.

27
Q

What contains the relatively large intrinsic neurovascular components supplying the wall of the stomach?

(30)

A

Stomach submucosa.

No glands present; many mast cells present

28
Q

Where are mast cells commonly located?
What are their characteristics and function?

(31)

A

Located in dense irregular connective tissue in vicinity of small veins and venules.
Highly granulated cytoplasm and a single central nucleus.
Functions to promote inflammation.

29
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle does the stomach muscularis externa have?
How is each layer oriented?

(31)

A

3 layers:
Inner- oblique.
Middle- circular.
Outer- longitudinal.

30
Q

What are the anatomical folds in the small intestinal mucosa that are oriented transversely in the lumen that functions to increase surface area in the small intestine?

(32)

A

Plica circulares.

31
Q

What are the fingerlike folds of the small intestinal mucosa kextending from the surface of the plica circulares?
What’s it function?

(32)

A

Villi.

Functions to increase surface area in the small intestine.

32
Q

What kind of epithelium is an enterocyte and what does it do?

(32)

A

Simple columnar epithelium.

Most function as absorptive cells whereas some are secretory for digestive enzymes.

33
Q

What is the dense collection of actin filaments at the apical surface of some epithelia?
Function?

(32)

A

Terminal web.
Functions to provide apical stability to the epithelial cells and also serves as the anchor point for the overlying microvilli in the small intestine.

34
Q

Do the number of goblet cells increase or decrease persistently from the duodenum of the small intestine through the rectum of the large intestine?

(32)

A

Increases.

35
Q

What cell secretes the enzyme lysozyme into the lumen of the crypt of the small intestine?

(32)

A

Paneth cell.

Located at the base of the intestinal crypt of the jejunem

36
Q

What is the hormone producing cell located in the gastric glands of the stomach and the crypts of the small intestine?

(32)

A

Enteroendocrine cell.

Secretes hormones into the lamina propria

37
Q

How do the villi of the duodenum differ from that of the jejunem?

(34)

A

In the duodenum the villi are shorter and wider than those of the jejunum.

38
Q

What are the glands that are found in high number in the submucosa of the duodenum?
Function?

(34)

A

Brunner’s glands.

Produce an alkaline mucous.

39
Q

Does the intestinal crypt of the duodenum contain paneth cells?

(34)

A

No.

40
Q

What helps to anchor the duodenum to the posterior abdominal wall?

(34)

A

Duodenum adventitia.

41
Q

Which part of the small intestine has the highest number of goblet cells?

(34)

A

Ileum.

42
Q

What is very common in the lamina propria of the ileum?

34

A

Lymphoid nodules.

43
Q

What glands are typically found in the submucosa of the ileum and colon?

(36)

A

None.

There are typically no glands present.

Histology (SW) (8 decks)

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