Test 2 Lab: Urinary System

Question 1

What is the peripheral region of the kidney? What happens in this region?

(48)

Answer 1

Cortex.

Region where blood is filtered.

Question 2

What is the central region of the kidney and what does it contain?

(48)

Answer 2

Medulla.

Contains loops of Henle and collecting ducts (no renal corpuscles).

Question 3

What is the spherical structure at the beginning of a nephron characterized by a central glomerulus covered and surrounded by the 2 layers of the bowman’s capsule?

Answer 3

Renal corpuscle.

Question 4

Where does the sight of initial filtration of the blood as it enters the nephron take place?

(48)

Answer 4

Renal corpuscle.

Question 5

Describe the glomerulus:

48

Answer 5

Cluster of type II capillary loops located at the center of the renal corpuscle of each nephron.

Question 6

What is the double layered epithelial structure that covers and surrounds the glomerulus of each renal corpuscle?

(48)

Answer 6

Bowman’s Capsule.

Question 7

What collects in the urinary space?

48

Answer 7

Filtrate produced from the glomerular capillaries.

Located between the two parts of the bowman’s capsule

Question 8

What kind of cells make up the visceral bowman’s capsule?

48

Answer 8

Podocytes.

Question 9

What kind of epithelium is the parietal bowman’s capsule comprised of?

(48)

Answer 9

Simple squamous epithelium.

Parietal bowman’s capsule defines the outer aspect of a renal corpuscle

Question 10

What layers is the urinary space found between?

48

Answer 10

Visceral and parietal layers of the bowman’s capsule.

Question 11

What is the region on each renal corpuscle where the PCT begins?

(48)

Answer 11

Urinary pole.

Question 12

What is the region on each renal corpuscle where the afferent and efferent arterioles enter and exit the glomerulous?

(49)

Answer 12

Vascular pole.

Question 13

What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus comprised of?
Location and function?

(49)

Answer 13

Comprised of macula densa and juxtaglomerular cells.
Located adjacent to the vascular pole of each renal corpuscle.
Monitors and regulates systemic blood pressure.

Question 14

What is the small cluster of modified epithelial cells in a specific location in the wall of the DCT called?
How are they best identified and what do they do?

(49)

Answer 14

Macula densa.
Best identified by a tightly packed row of very heterochromatic nuclei in the wall of the DCT.
Monitors the ionic concentration of the fluid in the lumen of the DCT.

Question 15

What is the small cluster of modified smooth muscle cells in a specific location in the wall of an afferent arteriole called?
What’s their function?

(49)

Answer 15

Juxtaglomerular cells.
Monitors the amount of stretch present in the wall of the afferent arteriole and they are secretory for the enzyme renin.

Question 16

What is the first segment of the nephron tubule system beginning at a urinary pole?
Where is it most commonly seen?

(50)

Answer 16

PCT.
Most common tubule section seen in the cortex.
(Lined by white simple cuboidal cells with indistinct lateral borders).

Question 17

What is the main function of the PCT?

50

Answer 17

Reabsorbs most of the filtrate produced previously in the glomerulus.

Question 18

What is the final segment of the nephron tubule system beginning at the macula densa?
What’s its function?

(50)

Answer 18

DCT.
Functions to regulate water and ion concentrations in the developing urine.
(Lined by uniform simple cuboidal cells).

Question 19

What are the capillary beds called that are interspersed between and around the nephron tubules?
What’s their function?

(50)

Answer 19

Peritubular capillaries.
Functions to receive materials that are reabsorbed from the nephron tubule by the proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

Question 20

What is the middle segment of nephron tubule system adjacent to each of the respective convoluted tubules?
What kind of epithelium lines it?

(50)

Answer 20

Thick loop of henle.

Lined by short simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

Question 21

What is the middle segment of nephron tubule system located between two segments of thick loops of henle?
What kind of epithelium?

(50)

Answer 21

Thin loop of henle.

Lined by simple squamous epithelial cells.

Question 22

What is the function of the thin loop of henle?

50

Answer 22

Concentrates the urine.

Question 23

What’s the subset of peritubular capillaries called that parallels and surrounds the loops of henle in the medulla?

(50)

Answer 23

Vasa recta.

Question 24

What do collecting ducts do?
What kind of epithelium?

(50)

Answer 24

Drains urine from the DCT of several nephrons.

Lined by tall simple cuboidal epithelial cells.

Question 25

What are medullary rays?

50

Answer 25

Clusters of collecting ducts oriented parallel to each other in the cortex.
Represents the beginnings of collecting ducts as they pass through the cortex on their way to the medulla.

Question 26

What is the muscular tube that extends from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder?
What does it do?

(52)

Answer 26

Ureter.

Conveys urine to the urinary bladder primarily by peristaltic contractions.

Question 27

What is the ureter mucosa composed of?

52

Answer 27

Lined by transitional epithelium and a thin lamina propria.

Note: no submucosa present.

Question 28

When the transitional epithelium is stretched what kind of cells are present on the surface?
When relaxed?

(52)

Answer 28

Stretched: squamous.
Relaxed: cuboidal.

Question 29

In the ureter muscularis layer, how is the inner layer oriented?
Outer?

(52)

Answer 29

Inner: longitudinally to lumen.
Outer: Circularly to lumen.
(Note: opposite to what is seen in the digestive system).

Question 30

T/F: The urinary bladder mucosa and the ureter mucosa are very similar/the same in composition.

(52)

Answer 30

True.