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Chem 220 > test 2 lecture > Flashcards

test 2 lecture Flashcards

1
Q

alcohol contain

A

OH group

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2
Q

how to name alcohol

A

change “e” to “ol” in parent chain. with c double bond “#-alken-#-ol”. with c triple bond “#-alkyn-#-ol”

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3
Q

phenol

A

benzene with OH group

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4
Q

names with phenols

A

use o, m, p with two substituents. use #s for 3 or more

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5
Q

are alcohols and phenols polar or non polar

A

polar

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6
Q

what IMFs do alcohols and phenols have

A

permanent dipole-dipole and h-bonding

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7
Q

acid

A

compound loosing a. proton (loosing an h, h donors)

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8
Q

base

A

a compound gaining a proton (gaining an h, h acceptors)

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9
Q

conjugate base

A

compound formed when a proton is removed from the acid

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10
Q

conjugate acid

A

compound formed when a proton is added to the base

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11
Q

are conjugate acids and bases weak or strong

A

weak

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12
Q

is a less or more positive pKa value a stronger acid

A

a less positive pKa means a stronger acid

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13
Q

how do we predict equilibrium of an equation

A

equilibrium favors the side with the weaker acid

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14
Q

alcohols can be deprotionated with

A

strong bases because alcohols are weakly acidic

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15
Q

what makes a strong acid

A

strong acids produce stable conjugate bases

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16
Q

are phenols or alcohols more acidic

A

phenols

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17
Q

alcohols can ask as

A

an acid or base because the lone pair on O allow it to act as a weak base

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18
Q

oxidation

A

a reaction that increases the number of C-O bonds by removing C-H or O-H bonds

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19
Q

Jones reagent

A

CrO3, H+, strong oxidizer

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20
Q

PCC

A

mild oxidizer

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21
Q

primary alcohol oxidized with jones reagent into

A

carboxylic acid

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22
Q

primary alcohol oxidized with PCC into

A

aldehyde, x2 into carboxylic acid

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23
Q

secondary alcohols oxidized into

A

ketone, further oxidation does not happen

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24
Q

tertiary alcohols oxidized

A

no reaction, does not happen

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25
Q

thiols

A

compounds containing -SH functional group

26
Q

thiol naming

A

alkane + thiol, e can be kept in name

27
Q

ethers

A

oxygen bond to 2 carbon chains

28
Q

ether IMFs

A

no h- bonding! C-O bonds are polar, so dipole-dipole are present

29
Q

ether solubility

A

short chains can be partially soluble in water but limited

30
Q

aldehyde

A

c with double bonded O and at least one H

31
Q

ketone

A

C with double bonded O with 2 c groups

32
Q

are aldehydes or ketones more reactive?

A

aldehydes

33
Q

naming aldehydes

A

“alkan+al”, aldehyde carbon will always be number one.. with double bond: #-alkenal. with treble bond: #alkynal

34
Q

benzene with aldehyde group

A

benzaldehyde

35
Q

ketone naming

A

-alkanone. with double bond: #-alken-#-one. with triple bond: #alkyn-#-one

36
Q

aldehydes and ketones IMFs

A

permanent dipole-dipole, but no H bonding

37
Q

typical hydride sources

A

NaBH4 or LiAlH4

38
Q

if alcohol is added to aldehydes or ketones they are…

A

reduced to alcohols

39
Q

carboxylic acids

A

has a C doubled bonded to an O and an OH group

40
Q

carboxylic acid naming

A

alkan + oic acid. with double bond: #-alkenoic acid. with triple bond: #-alkynoic acid

41
Q

carboxylic acid attached to ring

A

add carboxylic acid to the end of parent cycloalkane name

42
Q

carboxylic acid on benzene ring

A

benzoic acid, use o,m,p if two, numbers if three

43
Q

alcohols with carboxylic acid

A

carboxylic acid has more priority: #- hydroxy as substituent name

44
Q

aldehyde or ketone with carboxylic acid

A

carboxylic acid has more priority: #- oxo as substituent name

45
Q

carboxylic acid boiling point

A

highest we’ve covered so far

46
Q

carboxylic acid solubility

A

very soluble due to h-bonding

47
Q

carboxylic acid acidity

A

more acidic than alcohols and phenols due to resonance stability of conjugate base

48
Q

naming carboxylic acid conjugate base

A

replace “ic acid” with “ate”, then name metal cation + carboxylate ion

49
Q

ester

A

carboxylic acid derivative, replace the OH with OR. One double bonded O with one regular bonded OR

50
Q

ester BP

A

lower than alcohol

51
Q

ester IMF

A

no H bonding

52
Q

ester naming

A

name the R group as a substituent, name the double bonded O-C as a carboxylate without the cation, put them together (alkyl carboxylate)

53
Q

amides

A

carboxylic acid derivatives, replace -OH with -NR2 group

54
Q

what does the C-N bond do in amides

A

restricts rotation

55
Q

are amides polar or non polar

A

polar due to resonance and dipole dipole

56
Q

angle and hybridization of amides

A

120 degrees and sp2

57
Q

do amides have h-bonding

A

yes but only if n-h bond is present

58
Q

what do phenols react with in our body

A

free radicals

59
Q

radicals

A

molecules with odd number of electrons and are highly unstable and reactive

60
Q

simple alcohols have about the same acidity as

A

water, pKa of 16

Chem 220 (8 decks)

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