Test 2 Non-Narcotic Analgesic

Question 1

nociception

Answer 1

Detecting noxious (painful) sensations

Question 2

analgesia

Answer 2

Relief from noxious sensations (pain relief)

Question 3

hyperalgesia

Answer 3

When a response to a normally noxious stimulus becomes more pronounced (increased sensitivity)

Question 4

allodynia

Answer 4

When a normally non-noxious sensation (e.g. light touch) becomes noxious.

Question 5

Compare and contrast the pathophysiological changes underlying inflammatory and neuropathic pain.

Answer 5

• inflammation: serotonin, histamine, bradykinin, CGRP, NK, cytokines, prostanoids
• inflammation can contribute to the severity of the pain you’re experiencing
• neuropathic pain: sodium channels sensitized by prostanoids; sodium channel on nerve also activated -> reach threshold more quickly

Question 6

mechanisms of action of acetaminophen

Answer 6

• inhibits COX activity 50% in whole blood assays

- inhibit peroxidase (POX) activity

Question 7

mechanisms of action of aspirin

Answer 7

• irreversible inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 activity

- anti-platelet activity

Question 8

mechanisms of action of NSAIDs

Answer 8

Competitive, reversible Inhibition of COX-1 and/or COX-2

Question 9

adverse effects of acetaminophen

Answer 9

• hepatotoxicity with increased risk if you take more than 4g / day

Question 10

adverse effects of NSAID (inhibition of COX in various tissues)

Answer 10

• GI: abd pain, N/D, anorexia, hemorrhage, anemia
• decreased platelet activation
• Renal: salt / water retention in pts w/ CHF, liver, or kidney disease
• increased risk of MI, stroke, and thrombosis
• premature closure of ductus arteriosus
• headache, vertigo, dizziness, confusion
• hypersensitivity: ex asthma, hypotension, etc