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A&P 2 > Test #2 Questions- Immunology > Flashcards

Test #2 Questions- Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Neutrophils

A
  • **First WBC population to arrive
  • Can phagocytize
  • Release cytokines
  • High # can indicate bacterial infection
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2
Q

If Eosinophils Arrive, what does this mean?

A

High number can indicate parasite infection

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3
Q

Series of 20 proteins that combine to lose Target cells?

A

Complement

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4
Q

Immunology

A

The bodies method of protection against, infectious agents and non infectious agents

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5
Q

How many immunoglobulins are there?

A

5 Types

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6
Q

What cells produces antibodies?

A

B Cells
- Each B cell can produce millions of antibodies, but only against the one antigen, matching the antibodies on the cell surface

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7
Q

Where are Microglia found?

A

In the brain

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8
Q

Where are Langerhans found?

A

Skin

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9
Q

Basophils?

A

-** Least common WBC
- Stain Blue
- increase inflammation, prevent clotting
- with mast cell can cause anaphylactic shock

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10
Q

Anything an antibody binds to us called a what?

A

Antigen
- Antibodies are also called immunoglobulins

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11
Q

What cell serves as a crucial first line of defense against tumors?

A

Natural Killer (NK)

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12
Q

What do NK (Natural Killer) Cells spray on tumor cells to kill them?

A

Perforin

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13
Q

Where are IgA immunoglobulin secretions found?

A

Mothers Milk, Tears

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14
Q

Non Specific Immunity?

A

Work/against everything (same action)
- no memory cell

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15
Q

Specific Immunity?

A

Involves immune cells activated to a specific antigen

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16
Q

What is the first line of defense?

A

(Non Specific)

Physical Barriers
- Skin, Mucus, Sebaceous Glands, Bacterial Flora
- ** if these are penetrated, the inflammation response begins (includes cancer

17
Q

What is the second line of defense?

A

(Non Specific) - inflammation, phagocytes, complement

18
Q

What does itis mean?

A

Inflammation “on fire” - Swelling of organs or tissues

19
Q

If the inflammation response doesn’t fix the problem in a few hours, what happens?

A

The specific immune response begins

20
Q

Where are monocytes ?

A

In Tissues, leave the blood and then are called Macrophages

21
Q

Third line of defense, and what does it involve?

A

Specific Immunity , invokes B Cells, T Cells, & Antigens

22
Q

Which immune cell needs the Thymus ?

A

T Cell

23
Q

Antigens?

A

Something we went to eliminate

24
Q

MHC 1 Facts

A

Found on healthy cells w/ nucleus
- Present antigens they come from within the cell

  • sick cells often quit producing MHC1
25
Q

Ischemia

A

Interruption of blood supply

26
Q

Cytotoxic t cells produce ?

A

Rapid acting memory cells

27
Q

Which immune cell is involved in humeral immunity?

A

B Cell Activation

28
Q

Preload

A

The degree of stretching of ventricles during filling with blood

29
Q

How do antibodies work?

A

Attach to toxins to neutralize them
Attach to viral receptors to prevent binding

30
Q

Which cells are the primary target of HIV?

A

T Cells

31
Q

T suppressor Cells

A

Stop immune response when problem is resolved

32
Q

Why are Delayed hypersensitivity cells important?

A

Involved in organ rejection

33
Q

What causes inflammation?

A
  • Physical Trauma
  • Ionizing radiation
  • ischemia
  • toxin build up - usually due to liver/kidney malfunctions
34
Q

Characteristics of white blood cells? (Leukocytes)

A
  • Nucleated and can reproduce
  • Motile
  • Release chemicals affecting other cells
  • Diapedesis- Can leave blood & move into tissues
35
Q

Phagocytes

A

“Cells that eat” non specific

1) Monocytes (blood) / Macrophages (tissues)

2) Granulocytes

36
Q

Cytotoxic T Cells

A

(Intracellular)
- Elimate sick & virally infected cells
- Recognize the lack of MHC 1 & the presence of foreign bodies on MHC1

A&P 2 (13 decks)

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