Test 2 - Study Guide 2

Question 1

sodium

Answer 1

extracellular space

Question 2

hyponatremia

Answer 2

sodium under 135, water gain/sodium loss,
red flag: headache, seizures

Question 3

hypernatremia

Answer 3

more than 145, shrinking of cells, dehydration, water loss/sodium gain
red flag: thirst

Question 4

potassium

Answer 4

normal 3.5-5, controls resting potential

Question 5

hyperkalemia

Answer 5

above 5, too much K+,
S & S: nausea, vomiting, cardiac arrest, bradycardia

Question 6

treatment for hyperkalemia (C BIG K+ Drop)

Answer 6

insulin, kayexalate, dialysis

Question 7

hypokalemia

Answer 7

under 3.5, low potassium
S & S: leg cramps, fatigue

Question 8

calcium

Answer 8

normal: 8.5-10.5
intracellular needed for muscle contraction

Question 9

hypocalcemia

Answer 9

low calcium
causes: Trousseau’s sign

Question 10

trousseaus sign

Answer 10

spasm induced when checking blood pressure

Question 11

chvostek sign (cheek)

Answer 11

contraction of facial muscle when facial nerve tapped

Question 12

hypercalcemia

Answer 12

high calcium
causes: Paget’s disease, brain fog, digestive problems, muscle and joint problems
stones, bones, moans, and psychiatric overtones

Question 13

magnesium

Answer 13

1.8-2.7 - normal range
helps calcium channels

Question 14

hypomagnesemia

Answer 14

poor intake of nutrition, alcoholism, muscle twitching