Test 3

Question 1

What factors seem to be related to the development of attraction/friendship and why?

Answer 1

1) Proximity (interaction, mere exposure effect) 2) Physical Attractiveness- matching phenomenon 3) Similarity vs Complementary 4) Liking those who like us 5) Relationship Rewards

Question 2

What is the physical attractiveness stereotype? Is it accurate?

Answer 2

• The presumption that physically attractive people possess other socially desirable traits as well. A little accurate in when considering self-fulfilling prophesy. What is crucial to people actually liking others is whether you accept yourself, like yourself, and feel comfortable with yourself.

Question 3

What factors are used to determine who is attractive?

Answer 3

-Averageness -Symmetry -Sexual Dimorphism -Baby facedness

Question 4

How could you characterize the effects of similarity vs. complementary?

Answer 4

• Likeness Begets Liking- the more similar someone’s attitudes are to your own, the more you will like that person. Similarity breeds content. • Dissimilarity Breeds Dislike- In general, dissimilar attitudes depress liking more than similar attitudes enhance it. • Complementary- The popularly supposed tendency, in a relationship between two people, for each to complete what is missing in the other.

Question 5

What does equity have to do with relationship management

Answer 5

• People bringing equal values to the relationship will stay together. Can be related to career, attractiveness, etc…

Question 6

How does self-disclosure relate to intimate relationships?

Answer 6

• Self-disclosure0 revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others. o The tendency for one person’s intimacy of self disclosure to match that of a conversational partner.

Question 7

What are the characteristics of those who are likely to get divorced?

Answer 7

-Married before 20 -Not growing up in a stable, two parent home -Dating a short time before being married -Not similarly educated -Lack of stable income Live in a big city -Cohabited/became pregnant before marrying -Lack religious commitment

Question 8

What is the progression of the breaking up process?

Answer 8

o Severing bonds produce a predictable sequence of agitated preoccupation with the partner o Deep sadness o Emotional detachment beginnings o Letting go of the old o Focusing on someone new o Renewed sense of self

Question 9

Reward Theory of Attraction

Answer 9

The theory that we like those whose behavior is rewarding to us or whom we associate with rewarding events.

Question 10

Companionate Love

Answer 10

The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply intertwined

Question 11

Passionate Love

Answer 11

A state of intense longing for union with another. Passionate lovers are absorbed in each other feel ecstatic at attaining their partner’s love, and are disconsolate on losing it.

Question 12

Equity-

Answer 12

A condition in which the outcomes people receive from a relationship are proportional to what they contribute to it.

Question 13

Two Factor Theory of Emotion

Answer 13

Arousal X its label = emotion. physiological arousal and cognitive label for the arousal

Question 14

Complementarity

Answer 14

The popularly supposed tendency, in a relationship between two people, for each to complete what is missing in the other.

Question 15

Matching Phenomenon

Answer 15

The tendency for men and women to choose as partners those who are a “good match” in attraction and other traits.

Question 16

What are the theoretical perspectives on helping, i.e., “Why do we help?” Know their characteristics and be able to identify them.

Answer 16

• Rewards (Social Exchange theory) o External-“We give to get” o Internal- helper’s emotional state or personal traits • Social Norms- Because someone tells us that we ought to o Reciprocity Norm (External) o Social-Responsibility Norm (Intrisic) • Evolutionary Psychology o Kind Selection (Intrisic) o Reciprocity (External) o Group selection

Question 17

What is the bystander effect? Why does it occur?

Answer 17

The finding that a person is less likely to provide help when there are other bystanders.

As the number of bystanders increases, any given bystander is less likely to notice the incident, less likely to interpret the incident as a problem or an emergency, and less likely to assume responsibility for taking action.

Question 18

Know the factors (both situational and personal) that seem to either promote or discourage helping.

Answer 18

Situational

of Bystanders
Helping when someone else does
Time Pressures
Similarity

Personal

Personality Traits
Gender
Religious Faith

Question 19

What is the effect of mood on helping?

Answer 19

Feeling good produces good actions and feeling bad produces unhelpfulnesss.

Question 20

How can we attempt to increase the altruistic attitudes of people?

Answer 20

Teaching Moral Inclusion as opposed to moral exclusion, which is omitting certain people from one’s moral concern
Modeling Altruism-real life modeling and media modeling
Learning By doing
Attributing Helpful Behavior to Altruistic Motives- Don’t over justify a person’s good deed
Learning About Altruism

Question 21

Social-Exchange theory-

Answer 21

The theory that human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one’s rewards and minimize one’s cost

Question 22

Egoism-

Answer 22

A motive to increase one’s own welfare. The opposite of altruism

Question 23

norms of reciprocity-

Answer 23

An expectation that people will elp, not hurt, those who have helped them.

Question 24

Norm of Responsibility-

Answer 24

An expectation that people will help those needing help

Question 25

Know Latane & Darley’s decision tree on helping.

Question 26

How does Latane & Darley’s decision tree on helping construct help us understand some of the specific factors that seem to be involved in helping?

Answer 26

Only one path up the tree leads to helping. At each fork up the path, the presence of other bystanders may diver a person down a branch toward not helping.