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A&P 2 > Test #3- Digestive System > Flashcards

Test #3- Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Anorexia & Bulimia

A
  • Chronic Weight loss disorder
  • Disorder characterized by overeating followed by self induced vomiting, fasting, over exercising, or use of laxatives & diuretics
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2
Q

Parasympathetic & Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Rest & Digest
Fight or flight

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3
Q

Path way of food?

A

Mouth - Esophagus- Stomach - Small Intestine- Colon - Rectum

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4
Q

Mouth/ Oral Cavity Anatomy

A

Cheeks, Lips, Tongue, Palate, Teeth, Salivary Glands, Pharynx

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5
Q

Mechanical & Chemical Digestion of the Mouth

A

Mechanical- Yes, all food groups via teeth
Chemical- Yes, Carbohydrates only via enzyme (a digestive enzyme in salvia)

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6
Q

Mechanical & Chemical Digestion of the Stomach

A

Mechanical- Yes, all food groups
- Churning; stomach has 3 layers of muscle

Chemical-
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
Cards & Proteins
Pepsin breaks down Proteins
Very little duration of lipids

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7
Q

Mechanical & Chemical Digestion of the Small Intestine

A

Mechanical- NONE
Chemical- Digestive enzymes for all 3 food groups

Bile from liver/gall bladder help break down fat

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8
Q

Pathology of Mouth (Study Of Disease)

A

Canker Sore - Herpes 1
Cavities from Streptococcus
Oral Cancer - Tabasco or HIV

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9
Q

Medical Test of mouth

A

Usually by dentist

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10
Q

Anatomy of Esophagus

A

Essentially just a tube surrounded by smooth muscle

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11
Q

Physiology of Esophagus

A
  • Transport Tube
  • Has 2 Sphincters
    • Upper Sphincter allows food in from Laryngopharynx
    • Lower Sphincter allows food into stomach & keeps acid out of esophagus (if doesn’t close- heart burn)
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12
Q

Stomach Anatomy

A

Stomach layered w/ mucus & gastric pits

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13
Q

Stomach is Controlled by____ cells ?

A

G and D Cells- Used for proteins & Carbs

1- G Cells release Gastrin to stimulate digestion
2- D Cells makes somatostatin

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14
Q

Parietal Cells Secrete

A

Secrete HCL (Hydrochloric Acid)- produced naturally in the body to help digest food

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15
Q

What stimulates HCL production? (Hydrochloric acid)

A

1- Histamine 2 receptor
2- Gastrin Receptor
3- ACH Receptor (Acetylcholine) for parasympathetic stimulation through vagus nerve

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16
Q

Function of small intestine?

A

Absorb Nutrients

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17
Q

Small Intestine Anatomy

A

3 Regions
1) Duodenum
2) Jejunum
3) Ileum

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18
Q

Your pancreases empties what into the Duodenum ?

A

Buffers and digestive enzymes

19
Q

What 4 organs empty into the duodenum?

A

1- Stomach releases contents (very acidic)
2- Pancreases release buffers & digestive enzymes
3&4- Liver creates bile and gall bladder concentrates it
- released into duodenum to aid in digestion of fats

20
Q

Submucosa

A
  • Digestive glands here
  • blood Vessels
  • connective tissues
  • Peyers patches and blood vessels
21
Q

Muscularis

A
  • 2 sheets of smooth muscle
    (stomach has 3)
  • These nice food through GI track & Mia it w/ enzymes (in stomach the extra layer allows mechanical digestion)
22
Q

Ileus

A

When contraction stops
- Stomach stops making those wave like movements for a while

23
Q

Large intestine (colon) function

A

Water reabsorption & waste compaction
- Accomplished by bacteria in the colon
- These bacteria are regionally associated
- Also can affect general health

24
Q

Anatomy of large Intestine (colon)

A

The longitudinal muscles of the muscularis escape to run on the outer surface.

25
Q

The liver has over 700 functions what are some of the most important?

A

1) Detoxification
2) Biotransformation- Changing one food group into another
3) Converts bilirubin into bile

26
Q

Detoxification Example (look at notes)

A

Protein Breakdown — Amino Acids & Ammonia — taken to liver via hepatic vein portal - Ammonia — urea — release as blood urea nitrogen (BUN) — Kidney— Urine

27
Q

A rise of BUN

A

Is a worry of kidney , Kidneys get rid of BUN

28
Q

Test for liver function?

A

Check bilirubin
Levels of Albumin
Clotting time of blood

29
Q

What are the three vessels of the Portal Triad ?

A

1) Hepatic Artioles
2) Hepatic Portal Vein
3) Bile Duct

30
Q

Hepatic Arterioles

A

Go into the liver
- Deliver O2 (oxygenated) blood to the liver

31
Q

Hepatic portal vein

A

Coming into the liver, Carry’s nutrients from intestines to the liver for filtration & detoxification

32
Q

Bile duct

A

Carries bile out of liver & into gall bladder, where it is concentrated. It is then delivered to the duodenum via the bile duct, which joins w/ pancreatic duct

33
Q

Kupffer cell

A

Are macrophages (does the filtration)
Located within the lumen of the liver sinusoids

34
Q

Hepatic Vein

A

Carries blood back to right atrium
Nutrients has been filtered and detoxified

35
Q

Gall Bladder

A

Inferior to liver — Concentrates Bile
Gallstones- Hardened deposits of digestive fluid

36
Q

Pancreas

A

98% of pancreas is made of exocrine cells
- Produce nuggets & digestive enzymes

2% of pancreas are the Islets of Langerhans

37
Q

The relaxing of the walls give rise to a series of pouches called

A

Haustrae

38
Q

Surface of internal colon (large intestine) looks like ?

A

Smooth, wet, pink velvet w/ pits to absorb nutrients

39
Q

Bile is secreted into the____

A

Duodenum via the bile duct

40
Q

What do parietal cells secrete?

A

Hydrochloric Acid (HCL)

41
Q

Brunner Glands

A

Only in duodenum
Release buffers

42
Q

Jejunum & ileum

A

Release digestive enzymes

43
Q

Duodenum

A

Releases cholecystokinin to increase bile release

44
Q

Mucosa

A

Inner most layer

A&P 2 (13 decks)

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