Test 4

Question 1

the purpose of the brain is to __________

Answer 1

control behavior, movements, see, and hear

Question 2

a great brain without muscles would be like a computer without a monitor, printer, or other output. No matter how powerful the internal processing, it would be useless

Answer 2

true

Question 3

smooth muscle found in the intestines are consists of _______

Answer 3

long, thin cells

Question 4

whereas skeletal, or striated, muscle consists of ______

Answer 4

long cylindrical fibers with stripes

Question 5

a _______ is a synapse between a motor neuron axon and a muscle fiber

Answer 5

neuromuscular junction

Question 6

movements can be more precise where each axon innervates only a _____

Answer 6

few fibers

Question 7

movement requires the alternating contraction of opposing sets of muscles called ____

Answer 7

antagonistic muscles

Question 8

we rely on our slow-twitch and intermediate fibers for activities such as ____________. Choose all correct answers

Answer 8

• talk
• walk

Question 9

whereas fast-twitch fibers are adapted for _____

Answer 9

speed, sprinting, running

Question 10

receptors that detect the position or movement of a part of the body are called _____

Answer 10

proprioceptors

Question 11

the ____________ keeps track of the position of the body relative to the world

Answer 11

posterior parietal cortex

Question 12

the __________ integrates information about the position and posture of the body; organizes the direction of the movement in space

Answer 12

premotor cortex

Question 13

the ________ is active during a delay before movement and stores sensory information relative to a movement

Answer 13

prefrontal cortex

Question 14

the _________ organizes rapid sequence of movements in a specific order

Answer 14

supplementary motor cortex

Question 15

the ___________ is a structure in the brain often associated with balance and coordination

Answer 15

cerebellum

Question 16

there are more neurons in the ________ than in all other _______ areas combined

Answer 16

cerebellum/brain

Question 17

the _______ is a group of large subcortical structures in the forebrain

Answer 17

basal ganglia

Question 18

a movement disorder characterized by muscle tremors, rigidity, slow movements, and difficulty initiating physical and mental activity is called ______

Answer 18

Parkinson’s disease

Question 19

whereas the ____________ is a neurological disorder characterized by various motors symptoms

Answer 19

Huntington’s disease

Question 20

the drug ________ is the primary treatment for Parkinson’s

Answer 20

L-dopa

Question 21

brain disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease not only affect movement, but also impair mood, memory, and cognition

Answer 21

true

Question 22

mammals have circadian rhythms ____

Answer 22

for a variety of activities, including sleep

Question 23

the purpose of the circadian rhythm is to keep our internal workings in phase with the _____

Answer 23

outside world

Question 24

wxorking at night does not reliably change the circadian rhythm

Answer 24

true

Question 25

damage to the SCN results in no change in body rhythms that are synchronized to environmental patterns of light and dark

Answer 25

false

Question 26

suppose you work on a submarine with only artificial light. You are required to follow a schedule of working for 12 hours and then sleeping for 6. What rhythm, if any, will your alertness and body temperature show?

Answer 26

they will follow the usual rhythm of 24 hours

Question 27

what two types of genes are responsible for generating the circadian rhythm?

Answer 27

• PER/TIM
• period/timeless

Question 28

the SCN regulates the pineal gland, an endocrine gland located posterior to the thalamus that secretes _______

Answer 28

melatonin

Question 29

Les will be taking a trip, and he is worried about how to handle his jet lag. What advice would you give him?

Answer 29

he needs to sleep in a dark room

Question 30

after several hours of sleep, most people are ____

Answer 30

spending more time in REM sleep

Question 31

when we are awake, electrical changes on the scalp that reflect patterns of brain activity called _____________ waves

Answer 31

beta

Question 32

when we are drowsy and relaxed, electrical changes on the scalp that reflect patterns of brain activity called ________ waves

Answer 32

alpha

Question 33

during stages 3 and 4 of sleep, electrical changes on the scalp that reflect patterns of brain activity called ___ waves

Answer 33

delta

Question 34

during stage 1 sleep, electrical changes on the scalp that reflect patterns of brain activity called ______ waves

Answer 34

theta

Question 35

during which stage of sleep do most people see dreams?

Answer 35

REM

Question 36

what are the two benefits of sleep?

Answer 36

saves energy/learning and remembering

Question 37

there are two theories of why we sleep. The first one is called the ________ theory, and the second one is called the _________ theory

Answer 37

none of these (rest/recration, dream/wish, repair/restoration)

Question 38

Emmanuel has a periodic limb movement disorder. When does he have the most trouble?

Answer 38

during NREM sleep

Question 39

Larisa has REM behavior disorder. What happens to her during REM sleep?

Answer 39

she moves around as if she is acting out her dreams

Question 40

night terrors can be distinguished from nightmares in that night terrors ___

Answer 40

occur during NREM sleep