Test 4

Question 1

What scientific idea is the first law of thermodynamics a practical restatement of.?

Answer 1

law of conservation of energy

Question 2

How does the addition of a solute change the freezing point of a liquid?

Answer 2

temperature decreases

Question 3

According to the second law of thermodynamics, what property do natural processes tend to increase?

Answer 3

entropy

Question 4

Warming hands by a fire is what type of heat transfer?

Answer 4

radiation

Question 5

What type of potential energy is caused by restorative forces?

Answer 5

elastic

Question 6

What is the temperature at which evaporation occurs throughout a liquid?

Answer 6

boiling point

Question 7

How does the volume of liquid water change as water is cooled from 4 degrees C to 0 degrees C?

Answer 7

volume expands

Question 8

What is the weakest fundamental force?

Answer 8

gravitational

Question 9

What fundamental force is responsible for elastic potential energy?

Answer 9

electromagnetic

Question 10

What is the most important component of a heat pump?

Answer 10

refrigerant

Question 11

What method of heat transfer does a hot water heating system use to heat a room?

Answer 11

convection

Question 12

What theoretical device would generate the maximum possible amount of work from a given amount of heat?

Answer 12

Carnot engine

Question 13

If you have 4 cups with a different amount of room temperature water in each one, the one with the least amount of water has the ________ amount of thermal energy.

Answer 13

least

Question 14

Why is heat of vaporization of a substance much greater than heat of fusion of the same substance?

Answer 14

The cohesion of molecules must be completely overcome.

Question 15

What is the relationship between work and energy?

Answer 15

Energy is measured by the amount of work it can do.

Question 16

What is the relationship between vapor pressure and the temperature of a liquid?

Answer 16

As temperature increases, vapor pressure increases.

Question 17

What is the purpose of a heat pumps condenser?

Answer 17

to cool a hot fluid and release heat into the surroundings

Question 18

How does a safety lamp work?

Answer 18

A metal screen conducts heat into the air.

Question 19

What device uses mechanical energy and latent heat to transfer thermal energy from a colder location to a warmer location?

Answer 19

heat pump

Question 20

What fundamental force binds the subatomic particles of an atom’s nucleus together?

Answer 20

strong nuclear

Question 21

the amount of heat needed to change an object’s temperature by a certain amount

Answer 21

heat capacity

Question 22

the general term for “hidden” heat absorbed or released when a substance undergoes a change in state

Answer 22

latent heat

Question 23

the amount of heat required to change a given amount of a liquid into a gas

Answer 23

heat of vaporization

Question 24

the amount of heat required to change a given amount of a solid into a liquid

Answer 24

heat of fusion

Question 25

Which state of matter exists when temperatures are too high for matter to exist in its ordinary states?

Answer 25

plasma

Question 26

What type of heat transfer causes the handle of a pot of boiling water to become hot?

Answer 26

conduction

Question 27

What is the name for a double-walled container with a vacuum separating the walls?

Answer 27

Dewar flask

Question 28

What is a device that automatically regulates temperature called?

Answer 28

thermostat

Question 29

What fundamental force is exerted on all objects that have mass?

Answer 29

gravitational

Question 30

What scientific principle says that natural processes tend to go toward less usable energy and greater disorder?

Answer 30

second law of thermodynamics

Question 31

energy of motion

Answer 31

kinetic energy

Question 32

energy associated with the position of an object and the forces acting on the object

Answer 32

potential energy

Question 33

energy exhibited when an object moves and changes positions

Answer 33

translational kinetic energy

Question 34

energy exhibited by a spinning wheel

Answer 34

rotational kinetic energy

Question 35

The point at which molecules of a solid move fast enough to overcome the cohesion that holds them together is the ____ point.

Answer 35

melting

Question 36

The internal energy that an object has because of the random motions of its individual molecules.

Answer 36

thermal energy

Question 37

The state in which no thermal energy is transferred between objects that are at the same temperature.

Answer 37

thermal equilibrium

Question 38

What is the transfer of heat by moving fluids?

Answer 38

convection

Question 39

Dissolving a solute in a liquid causes the boiling point of a substance to _______.

Answer 39

increase

Question 40

Most atmospheric winds are caused by what?

Answer 40

convection currents

Question 41

Liquids that evaporate quickly are considered what?

Answer 41

volatile

Question 42

The law stating that the amount of energy gained by a system equals the energy lost by the surroundings.

Answer 42

first law of thermodynamics

Question 43

The change of a substance from a liquid into a gas.

Answer 43

evaporation

Question 44

The transfer of heat without matter.

Answer 44

radiation

Question 45

The temperature above which a substance cannot exist as a liquid but behaves as a gas regardless of the pressure upon it.

Answer 45

critical temperature

Question 46

Formula for the kinetic energy of an object.

Answer 46

E=1/2 mv2

Question 47

Formula for the potential energy of an object.

Answer 47

E=mgh

Question 48

Formula for the specific heat of an object.

Answer 48

c=Q/m^T