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Bio 6 > test 4&5 > Flashcards

test 4&5 Flashcards

1
Q

tiny spherical bodies composed of RNA and protein; floating free or attached to a membranous structure (the rough ER) in the cytoplasm.

A

Ribosomes

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2
Q

Site of protein synthesis; proteins are what make up all of what you are, some are floating around in the cytoplasm and also some are embedded on the surface of the rough ER.

A

Ribosomes

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3
Q

membranous system of tubules that extends throughout the cytoplasm; this variety is responsible for storage and transport of the proteins made on the ribosomes to other cell areas. Studded with ribosomes.

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

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4
Q

membranous system of tubules that extends throughout the cytoplasm; this variety has no ribosomes embedded. It’s function is synthesis of steroid and lipids (fatty acids), lipid metabolism, and drug detoxification.

A

smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

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5
Q

stack of flattened sacs with bulbous ends and associated small vesicles; found close to the nucleus. Plays, a role in packaging proteins or other substances for export from the cell or incorporation into the plasma membrane and in packaging lysosomal enzymes.

A

Golgi aparatus

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6
Q

various-sized membranous sacs containing digestive enzymes including acid hydrolases; function to digest worn out cell organelles and foreign substances that enter the cell. Have the capacity of total cell destruction if ruptured and are for this reason referred to as “suicide sacs”.

A

Lysosomes

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7
Q

small lysosome-like membranous sacs containing oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, free radicals, and other harmful chemicals. They are particularly abundant in liver and kidney cells.

A

peroxisomes

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8
Q

Generally rod-shaped bodies with a double membrane wall; (looks like a kidney bean) inner membrane is shaped into folds, or cristae: contain enzymes that oxidize foodstuffs to produce cellular energy (ATP); often referred to as the “powerhouse of the cell”.

A

mitochondria

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9
Q

the inner membrane of the mitochondria shaped into folds.

A

cristae

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10
Q

the fluid found in the mitochondria

A

matrix

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11
Q

the bulbous round ends on the golgi aparatus

A

transfer vesicles

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12
Q

the long channel parts of the golgi aparatus

A

cistern

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13
Q

the framework of the cell; provides structure and movement; function in intracellular transport, made up of protein structures (long and rod-like in shape).

A

cytoskeleton

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14
Q

the three parts of the cytoskeleton

A

micofilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

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15
Q

rods or string like looking things that move stuff through the cell, formed largely of actin, a contractile protein, and thus are important in cell mobility, particularly in muscle cells.

A

microfillaments

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16
Q

stable elements composed of a variety of proteins and resist mechanical forces acting on cells

A

intermediate filaments

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17
Q

important for cell division, make up the centrosome, the internal structure of the centrioles and help determine cell shape.

A

microtubules

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18
Q

outer surface, relatively flexible, determines what gets into the cell and what gets out of the cell, it is selective in terms of what it is going to let in and what it is going to let out, ensures cell works properly

A

plasma membrane

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19
Q

all the stuff inside the cell,

A

cytoplasm

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20
Q

structures you find inside the cell

A

organelles

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21
Q

contract (shorten in length) to move bones.

A

skeletal muscle cells

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22
Q

use cilia (hairlike processes) to move substances along the surface of the cells.

A

ciliated cells

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23
Q

carry genetic information through the female reproductive tract and try to insert this genetic information into an egg (fertilization)

A

sperm cells

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24
Q

contain large amounts of hemoglobin, a red pigment that binds oxygen.

A

red blood cells

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25
Q

defend the body from pathogens and cancerous cells.

A

white blood cells

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26
Q

needed to form cilia and flagella; active in mitosis and meiosis.

A

centrioles

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27
Q

usually depicted as two cylinders that are perpendicular to one another, made up of micro tubules, generate the mitotic spindle which organizes your genetic materials during cell division, usually only have one of them in the cell.

A

centrosome

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28
Q

folds of the plasma membrane tat increase its surface area

A

microvilli

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29
Q

area of the cell that includes the cytosol and organelles

A

cytoplasm

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30
Q

contains the cells hereditary information in genes, directs cellular activities

A

nucleus

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31
Q

transports things through the rough er through the golgi away from the golgi etc., a pinched off piece of membrane with some stuff on the inside.

A

vesicles

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32
Q

assembly site for ribosomes

A

nucleolus

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33
Q

long thin strands within nucleus. Each strand composed of one DNA molecule and associated proteins.

A

chromatin

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34
Q

makes ATP through aerobic cellular respiration

A

mitochondria

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35
Q

long cylindrical cells found in the nucleus

A

skeletal muscle cells

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36
Q

not surrounded by a membrane but they break down proteins, either ones that are not working the way they should or ones that you don’t want around anymore and they break them down and recycle them.

A

protiosomes (trash can, cylinder with a lid)

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37
Q

columnar, cilia and nucleus

A

ciliated cells (pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium)

38
Q

irregular shape with processes that extend from cell body; found in nucleus

A

motor neuron (nerve cell)

39
Q

oval cell; found in nucleus and flagellum

A

sperm cell

40
Q

disc shape,

A

red blood cell

41
Q

round in shape

A

white blood cell

42
Q

occurs when one cell divides to produce two identical cells, needed for growth of the individual and cell replacement

A

somatic cell division

43
Q

a longer period during which the cell conducts its normal activity, grows and prepares for cell division

A

interphase

44
Q

when the cell is actually dividing, four phases

A

mitosis or mitotic phase

45
Q

cytoplasmic division

A

cytokinesis

46
Q

normal cell work, cell metabolically active and growing DNA replicates chromosomes not visible

A

interphase

47
Q

parent cell divides into two daughter cells

A

mitotic phase

48
Q

nuclear division

A

mitosis

49
Q

nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, centrioles move to opposite poles, spindle fibers form

A

prophase

50
Q

chromosomes line up at metaphasal plate, spindle fibers attach to centromeres of chromatids

A

metaphase

51
Q

chromatids of chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles

A

anaphase

52
Q

cell reverses prophase activities

A

telophase

53
Q

cytoplasmic division into two daughter cells

A

cytokinesis

54
Q

short hair-like projections for movement of substances over cell surface

A

cilia

55
Q

intracellular fluid

A

cytoplasm

56
Q

ATP production by cellular respiration

A

mitochondria

57
Q

protein synthesis site

A

ribosomes

58
Q

carbohydrate and lipid synthesis site

A

smooth er

59
Q

small vesicle with digestive enzymes

A

lysosomes

60
Q

organelled needed to form cilia and flagella

A

centrosome

61
Q

thread-like strand of DNA with associated proteins

A

chromatin

62
Q

where the two sister chromatids attach, where the mitotic spindle is going to attach

A

centromere

63
Q

synthesis of secretory proteins

A

rough ER

64
Q

stores, packages, and exports protein product

A

golgi complex

65
Q

contains genes that control cellular activities

A

nucleus

66
Q

site for synthesis of ribosomes

A

nucleolus

67
Q

maintains cell shape and cell movement

A

cytoskeleton

68
Q

mediates transport of substances into or out of the cell

A

plasma membrane

69
Q

long, hair-like projection that moves the cell

A

flagella

70
Q

folds of plasma membrane that increase the surface area of the cell

A

microvilli

71
Q

cytoplasmic division takes place in

A

cytokinesis

72
Q

cell performing normal functions, longest phase

A

interphase

73
Q

nuclear division takes place in

A

mitosis

74
Q

chromatid pairs line up at equatorial plate

A

metaphase

75
Q

chromatin condenses into chromosomes; nucleus disappears

A

prophase

76
Q

spindle fibers break up; nucleus reappears, chromosomes unravel to form chromatin

A

telophase

77
Q

centromeres divide, chromosomes move to opposite poles

A

anaphase

78
Q

0.9% saline solution

A

isotonic

79
Q

5% saline solution

A

hypertonic

80
Q

distilled water

A

hypotonic

81
Q

in a hypotonic solution what happens to the cell

A

swells or hemolysis

82
Q

in a hypertonic solution what happens to the cell

A

shrinks or crenates

83
Q

to shrink or shrivel

A

crenate

84
Q

water moving through selectively permeable membrane

A

osmosis

85
Q

random mixing of particles from their greater concentration to their lesser concentration

A

diffusion

86
Q

substance dissolved in a solution

A

solute

87
Q

to burst a red blood cell

A

hemolysis

88
Q

same solute concentration on both sides of plasma (cell) membrane

A

isotonic solution

89
Q

solution with a lower concentration of solutes than in the cytosol of the cell

A

hypotonic

90
Q

a fluid that can contain dissolved substances

A

solvent

91
Q

solution with a higher concentration of solutes than in the cytosol of the cell

A

hypertonic solution

Bio 6 (18 decks)

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