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Biology > Test 4 Prep > Flashcards

Test 4 Prep Flashcards

1
Q

Chromosomes

A

Smaller pieces of DNA

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2
Q

Genes

A

The individual units of the genetic code; linear, orderly groupings of nucleotides on DNA that code for the production of polypeptides

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3
Q

Codons

A

Three nucleotide sequences of DNA or mRNA which codes for the position of a specific amino acid in a protein

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4
Q

mRNA job

A

Carries the message from DNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

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5
Q

tRNA job

A

Brings the appropriate amino acids to the ribosom for polypeptide assembly

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6
Q

Transcription

A

The process of making mRNA from a DNA template

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7
Q

Translation

A

The process of ribosomes synthesizing protein from mRNA

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8
Q

Haploid

A

number of chromosomes in a gamete of an organism, symbolized by n

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9
Q

Diploid

A

A cell or an organism consisting of two sets of chromosomes: usually, one set from the mother and another set from the father
2n

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10
Q

Difference betweene purines and pyramidines

A

A purine has a double ring, while a pyrimidine has a single ring. Also purines are adenine and guanine, and the pyrimidines are thymine and cytosine.

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11
Q

Which bases pair together in DNA

A

Cytosine-> guanine

Adenine-> thymine

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12
Q

Which bases pair together in RNA

A

Cytosine-> guanine

Adenine-> uracil

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13
Q

Difference between sexual and asexual reproduction

A

Asexual only requires one organism
Sexual requires two

Asexual uses mitosis
Sexual uses meiosis

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14
Q

Meiosis
What is it?
What cells do it?
Where?

A

A special type of cell division necessary for sexual reproduction in eukaryotes. Produces gametes or spores.

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15
Q

Tetrads

A

A group of four closely associated chromatids of a homologous pair formed by synapsis

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16
Q

Which types of cellular reproduction will produce genetically identical daughter cells?

A

Metosis

17
Q

Which types of cellular reproduction will not produce genetically identical daughter cells

A

Meiosis

18
Q

Anaphase

A

chromosomes separate into two genetically identical groups

19
Q

Interphase

A

Interphase - chromosomes duplicate and the copies remain attached to each other

20
Q

Prometphase

A

the nuclear membrane breaks apart and the spindle begins to react with the chromosomes

21
Q

Prophase

A

in the nucleus chromosomes condense and become visible. In the cytoplasm the spindle forms.

22
Q

Metaphase

A

the copied chromosomes align in the middle of the spindle

23
Q

Telophase

A

nuclear membranes form around each of the two sets of chromosomes, the chromosomes begin to spread out, and the spindle begins to break down

Biology (2 decks)

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