TEST 5 (Acids and Bases: Nature, Strength, Calculations and Salt Soltions

Question 1

Properties of Acids

Answer 1

Sour
Watery feeling
Low pH
Reacts with metals to form hydrogen gas and a salt
Reacts with a base to form a salt and water

Question 2

Properties of Bases

Answer 2

Sour
Slippery feeling
High pH
Non-reactive with metals
Reacts with acid to form a salt and water

Question 3

Arrhenius Theory

Answer 3

Acid –> Produces H+

Base –> Produces OH-

Question 4

Problem with Arrhenius theory

Answer 4

Doesn’t argee with NH3 and weak bases

Question 5

Bronsted Lowry Theory

Answer 5

Acid –> hydrogen ion donor

Base –> hydrogen ion acceptor

Question 6

Conjugate Base

Answer 6

Forms from acids

Question 7

Conjugate Acid

Answer 7

Forms from bases

Question 8

Amphiprotic Substances

Answer 8

Can behave as an acid or base

Question 9

Acid Ionization Constant

Answer 9

Ka

Equilibrium constant for the ionization of an acid

Question 10

High Ka

Answer 10

Low pH
High concentration of products [H]
Strong Acid

Question 11

Low Ka

Answer 11

High pH
Low concentration of [H]
Weak acid

Question 12

Strong Acid

Answer 12

Large Ka
Equilibrium far to the right
[H] ~ [HA]

Question 13

Weak Acid

Answer 13

Small Ka
Equilibrium far to the left
[H] &laquo_space;[HA]

Question 14

Acids and their Conjugate Base

Answer 14

Strong Acid –> less likely to form acid from conjugate base (weak cb)
Weak Acid –> more likely to form acid from conjugate base (strong cb)
General Acid –> same strength as conjugate base

Question 15

Kb

Answer 15

Base dissociation constant
High Kb –> strong base
Low Kb –> weak base

Question 16

Water is an acid & a base

Answer 16

Autoionization of water explains Kw (1.0 x 10-14)

Question 17

Kw

Answer 17

= (Ka)(Kb)

Question 18

pH

Answer 18

-log[H]

Question 19

pOH

Answer 19

-log[OH]

Question 20

pH < 7

Answer 20

Acid

Question 21

pH > 7

Answer 21

Base

Question 22

pH = 7

Answer 22

Neutral

Question 23

How do we measure pH?

Answer 23

pH paper
acid-base indicators
pH meter

Question 24

Sig Figs

Answer 24

2 sig figs in log for concentration –> 2 digits after decimal in pH

Question 25

Strong Acid Calculations

Answer 25

Ionize completely in water

Only BCE needed using ratios

Question 26

Weak Acid Calculations

Answer 26

Don’t completely ionize
(Use BCE and ICE chart)
Could also use Percentage Ionization

Question 27

Percentage Ionization

Answer 27

Concentration of ionized acid/ Initial concentration of acid x 100%
(H/HA x 100%)

Question 28

Monoprotic Acid

Answer 28

Will donate a singular acidic proton

Question 29

Polyprotic Acid

Answer 29

Can donate more than 1 acidic proton

Diprotic and Triprotic

Question 30

Steps for Polyprotic Acids

Answer 30

Will donate 1 ion per step
There will be a different Ka value for each step –> (Ka will get smaller because it isn’t favourable to lose another proton)

Question 31

Basic Solutions

Answer 31

Similar to acid calculations but use pOH, Kb, [OH]

Question 32

Neutral Salt Solution

Answer 32

When salt solution ions would make both strong acid and base –> they wont want to ionize/dissociate –> wont affect the pH very much

Question 33

Basic Salt Solutions

Answer 33

When anion would form strong conjugate base

BCE will contain water

Question 34

Acidic Salt Solution

Answer 34

When cation would form a strong conjugate acid

BCE with cation as only reactant