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RAD 111 > Test Chest And Abdomen > Flashcards

Test Chest And Abdomen Flashcards

0
Q

What is the passage of food through the oral cavity

A

Through the oropharynx into the laryngeal pharynx then into the esophagus

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1
Q

What is the passage of air from the nasal cavity

A

Air passes through the nasopharynx into the oropharynx into the larynx then into the trachea

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2
Q

The soft tissue lateral neck X-ray exam evaluates what

A

The structures of the nasopharynx an neck

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3
Q

Carina

A

A specific prominence, or ridge, of the lowest tracheal cartilage. Located where the trachea divides into right and left bronchi.

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4
Q

Mediastinum

A

The medial portion of the thoracic cavity between the lungs

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5
Q

Costophrenic angle

A

Refers to the extreme outermost lower corner of each lung where the diaphragm meets the ribs

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6
Q

Apex of lungs

A

The rounded upper area of the lungs above the level of the clavicles

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7
Q

Jugular/suprasternal notch

A

Important landmark for determining CR for AP chest projections. Palpated as a deep notch or depression on the superior portion of the sternum below thyroid cartilage

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8
Q

Hilar area

A

Aka the root region, the central area of each lung where bronchi, blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves enter and leave the lungs

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9
Q

Why Is CXR done upright

A

The diaphragm is allowed to move down further
Air fluid levels in chest may be visualized
Engorgement and hypermedia of pulmonary vessels may be prevented

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10
Q

PA chest positioning

A

Anatomy demonstrated: both lungs from apices to coati phrenic angles, air filled trachea from T1 down, hilum markings, heart, great vessels, and bony thorax
Position: chin elevated, clavicles rolled out if the way, breast moved to reduce breast shadows
Rotation: both sternoclavicular joints equidistant from center line of spine. Full expiration showing at least 10 ribs above diaphragm.
Exposure: no motion, sharp outlines of ribs, diaphragm, and heart boarders. Faint outline of thoracic vertebrae and posterior ribs.

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11
Q

Lateral position chest (standing or wheelchair )

A

Anatomy demonstrated: entire lung from apices to costophrenic angles and sternum to posterior ribs and thorax.
Position: chin and arms elevated so no soft tissue superimposes onto apices.
Exposure: no motion, sharp outlines if diaphragm and lung markings. Visualization of rib outlines and lung marking through the heart shadow and upper lung

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12
Q

AP projection chest (supine or semi erect)

A

Know the heart appears larger as an erect PA due to shorter SID and increased OID.
Plural effusion may obscure vascular lung markings compared to erect PA
Inspiration is usually not as full as erect PA so only 8 or 9 ribs may be visible

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13
Q

AP lordotic chest

A

Anatomy demonstrated: entire lung field and clavicles
Position: clavicles should appear nearly horizontal and above the apices. Ribs will appear distorted and nearly horizontal .
Exposure: no motion; diaphragm, heart, and rib outlines should appear sharp.

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14
Q

AP abdomen supine

A

Anatomy demonstrated: outline I liver, spleen, kidneys, and air filled stomach; bowel segments and arch of symphysis pubis
Position: no rotation iliac wings, obturator foramina, and is goal spines should appear symmetrical. Outer lower rib margins are equidistant from spine
Exposure: no motion, ribs and all gas bubble margins are clear and sharp sufficient mAs and long scale kvp visualize psoas muscle outline

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15
Q

Lateral decub abdomen

A

Anatomy demonstrated: air filled stomach and loops of bowel. Air fluid levels where present. Should include bilateral diaphragm
Position: no rotation; iliac wings appear symmetrical and out rib margins equidistant from spine. Spine should be straight and aligned to center if IR
Exposure: ribs and all gas bubbles sharp. Slightly less overall density than supine abdomen

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16
Q

AP erect abdomen

A

Anatomy demonstrated: air filled stomach and loops of bowel and air flui levels where present
Position: no rotation; iliac wings symmetrical outer rib margins equidistant from spine. Spine straight an center of IR
Exposure: no motion; ribs and gas bubbles sharp. Visualize spine and ribs and soft tissue but not over exposed

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17
Q

Dorsal decub (right and left lateral)

A

Anatomy demonstrated: diaphragm and as much if lower abdomen as possible. Air filled loops of bowel. Soft tissue visible in anterior abdomen and in prevertebral regions
Position: no rotation; superimposition of posterior ribs and posterior boarders of iliac wings and bilateral ASIS
Exposure: no motion; ribs and gas bubbles appear sharp. Lumbar vertebrae may appear 50% underexposed with soft tissue detail visible in anterior abdomen

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18
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapsed lung due to obstruction of the bronchus or puncture of an air passage

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19
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Coughing up blood

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20
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Abnormal condition of fluid in the pleural cavity

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21
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath, difficulty breathing caused by physical exertion, obstructive defects, or edema

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22
Q

Croup

A

Inflammation of the larynx an trachea

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23
Q

Hemothorax

A

Pleural effusion where the fluid is blood

24
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air in pleural cavity causing a collapsed lung

25
Q

What is the KVP value for chest X-ray?

A

100-130

26
Q

What is the KVP value for abdomen X-ray?

A

70-80

27
Q

What anatomy is found in the RUQ

A

Liver, right kidney, hepatic flexure, common bike duct, and gallbladder

28
Q

What anatomy is found in the RLQ?

A

Appendix (vermiform process) terminal ileum, and cecum

29
Q

What anatomy is in the LUQ

A

Spleen, stomach, left kidney, and splenic flexure

30
Q

What anatomy is in the LLQ?

A

Sigmoid and half of the descending colon

31
Q

Which vertebrae corresponds with the iliac crest?

A

L4-L5

32
Q

The pubic symphysis corresponds with which palpitating landmark?

A

1-1 1/2 in inferior to The greater trochanter and MSP

33
Q

What vertebrae corresponds with the xiphoid process ?

A

T9-T10

34
Q

What vertebrae corresponds with the thyroid cartilage?

A

Between C5-C6

35
Q

Clinical indication for upright abdomen

A

Pathology of the abdomen include: bowel obstruction, neoplasms,calcifications, ascites, and scout image for contrast medium studies of abdomen.

36
Q

Clinical indications for lateral decub

A

Abdominal masses, air-fluid levels, and possible accumulations of intraperitoneal air are demonstrated

Left lateral decub best visualizes free air at the liver in upper right abdomen

!!!!! Pt should be on side for min of 5 min before exposure. 10-20 min preferred!!!!!!!

37
Q

Clinical indications for lateral abdomen

A

Abnormal soft tissue masses, umbilical hernia, prevertebral region for possible aneurysms of aorta calcifications

38
Q

The bony thorax consists of

A 
The sternum
2 clavicles
2 scapula
12 pairs of ribs
12 thoracic vertebrae
39
Q

The four divisions of the respiratory system are

A

Larynx/ pharynx
Trachea
Bronchi
The lungs

40
Q

If a person accidentally inhales a food particle, which bronchi is is most likely to enter and why

A

The right b/c it is larger in diameter and more verticals

41
Q

The four important structures located in the mediastinum are

A

Heart and great vessels
Trachea
Esophagus
Thymus gland

42
Q

The delicate, double walled sac or membrane containing the lungs is called

A

Pleura

43
Q

The outer layer of the double walled membrane that lines the thoracic cavity is

A

Parietal pleura

44
Q

The inner layer of the membrane that adheres to the lung itself is called

A

Visceral pleura

45
Q

The space between the two pleura membranes is called

A

Pleural space/ cavity

46
Q

Which type of body habitués is associated with a broad and deep thorax

A

Hypersthenic

47
Q

Which body habitus may cause the costophrenic angles to be cut off if careful verticals collimation is not used

A

Hyposthenic and asthenic

48
Q

What is the primary purpose and benefit of using a 72 in SID on chest X-rays

A

Reduces distortion and magnification of the heart and other chest structures

49
Q

Why is PA chest preferred to AP projection

A

PA projection put the heart closer to the IR and reduces magnification of the heart

50
Q

What portion of the small intestines is considered the longest

A

Ileum

51
Q

Which organ is considered to be part of the lymphatic system

A

Spleen

52
Q

The large muscles forming a part of the posterior abdominal wall, boarders should be seen on a KUB, are the

A

Psoas muscles

53
Q

Two ways to prevent involuntary motion when performing a KUB

A

Shortest exposure time possible

Glucagon

54
Q

T/F collimation should be visible on all four boarders on a KUB on an adult patient

A

False

55
Q

The inferior rib margin corresponds to what vertebrae

A

L2-L3

56
Q

ASIS stands for what

A

Anterior superior iliac spine (a bony landmark)

57
Q

The ischial tuberosity is located where

A

1-1 1/2 in inferior to the symphysis pubis

RAD 111 (1 decks)

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