Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PE > Test review > Flashcards

Test review Flashcards

1
Q

A slowness or lack of spontaneous and automatic movements

A

Bradykinesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A movement cannot be followed quickly by its opposite and movements are slow; sign of cerebellar disease

A

Dysdiadochokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Band of skin innervated by the sensory root of a single spinal nerve

A

Dermatome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Difficult, poorly articulated speech, resulting from interference in the control over the muscles of speech, usually because of damage to a central or peripheral motor nerve

A

Dysarthria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Difficulty with gait or balance; inability to coordinate muscle activity during voluntary movement, most often due to disorders of the cerebellum or the posterior columns of the spinal cord.

A

Ataxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

An abnormal sensation, such as burning, prickling, tickling, or tingling

A

Paresthesias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Distorted sensations in response to a stimulus and may last longer than the stimulus itself

A

Dysesthesias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sudden but temporary loss of consciousness that occurs with decreased blood flow to the brain; fainting

A

Syncope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A localized, uncoordinated, uncontrollable twitching of a single muscle group innervated by a single motor nerve fiber or filament that may be palpated and seen under the skin. If associated with muscle atrophy, suggest lower motor neuron disease as a cause of the atrophy

A

Fasciculations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Disorder of peripheral nerves such as inflammation or degeneration. Symmetric weakness of distal muscles suggests this

A

Polyneuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dorsiflexion of the big toe often accompanied by fanning of the other toes; may indicate a CNS lesion in the corticospinal tract; may also be seen in drug or alcohol intoxication or in postictal period following seizure

A

Babinski response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ankle plantar flexes and dorsiflexes repetitively and rhythmically; sustained clonus indicates CNS disease

A

Ankle clonus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

With arms extended and hands and fingers extended, a sudden, brief, nonrhythmic flexion of the hands and fingers indicates this, suggesting a metabolic encephalopathy

A

Asterixis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

With the patient supine, flex neck forward onto the chest; flexion of hips and knees is a positive sign and suggests meningeal inflammation.

A

Brudzinski’s sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

With patient supine, flex the patient’s leg at both the hip and knee and then straighten the knee; pain and increased resistance to extending the knee is a positive sign; when bilateral, it suggests meningeal irritation.

A

Kernig’s sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Used to assess brainstem function in a comatose patient; holding open the upper eyelids, turn the head quickly to one side and then the other; as the head is turned the eyes move toward the opposite side; if reflex absent, it suggests a lesion of the midbrain or pons

A

Oculocephalic reflex (doll’s eye movements)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Increased resistance that varies, commonly worse at the extremes of the range of motion; lesion located at UMN of the corticospinal tract at any point from the cortex to the spinal cord; common cause of stroke

A

Spasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Resistance that persists throughout the range and in both directions; common cause is Parkinsonism

A

Lead-Pipe rigidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Weakness

A

Paresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Absence of strength

A

Plegia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Paralysis of one half of the body

A

Hemiplegia

22
Q

Paralysis of the legs

A

Paraplegia

23
Q

Paralysis of all four limbs

A

Quadriplegia

24
Q

With both arms straight forward, palms up, and eyes closed; pronation of one forearm suggests a contralateral lesion in the corticospinal tract; downward drift of the arm with flexion of the fingers and elbow may also occur

A

Pronator drift

25
Q

An abnormal condition of skeletal muscle characterized by muscle weakness, wasting, and histologic changes within muscle tissue; distinct from a muscle disorder caused by nerve dysfunction; symmetric weakness of the proximal muscles suggests this

A

Myopathy

26
Q

Stiffness or fusion of a joint, the result of injury or disease

A

Ankylosis

27
Q

Wasting away or diminution.

A

Atrophy

28
Q

Evaluates the medial collateral ligament. To perform this test, place the knee in thirty degrees of flexion. While stabilizing the knee, abduct the ankle. If the knee joint abducts greater than normal (compare with the uninjured leg), the test is positive. This is indicative of a medical collateral ligament tear

A

Abduction stress test

29
Q

Evaluates the lateral collateral ligament. To perform this test, place the knee in thirty degrees of flexion. While stabilizing the knee, adduct the ankle. If the knee joint adducts greater than normal (compare with the uninjured leg), the test is positive. This is indicative of a lateral collateral ligament tear

A

Adduction stress test

30
Q

With the knee flexed approximately 20 degrees, the proximal tibia is pulled forward. Excessive motion of the tibia anteriorly is indicative of a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament. This is found to be the most accurate clinical test for tear of the anterior cruciate ligament

A

Lachman Test

31
Q

Patient lies on back while holding the heel of their injured leg with leg bent. Pressure is placed on the outside of the knee with the practitioner’s hand, and the leg is straightened with the foot turned in (internally rotated). Pain and/or a click over the middle of the joint indicate a middle (medial) meniscal tear

A

McMurray Test

32
Q

a test used by doctors to detect rupture of the cruciate ligaments in the knee

A

Drawer test

33
Q

Detects small effusions. The examiner applies pressure on the lateral side of the joint and observes the medial side for evidence of movement of fluid producing a bulge.

A

Bulge sign

34
Q

If patient feels tingling, numbness, or pain in the fingers within 60 seconds of flexing their wrists, they may have carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Phalen’s Test

35
Q

If patient feels tingling, numbness, “pins and needles,” or a mild “electrical shock” sensation in hand when tapped on the inside of the wrist over the median nerve, they may have carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Tinel’s sign

36
Q

This is a test for lumbosacral nerve root irritation for example, due to disc prolapse. Pain traveling down the ipsilateral leg when the knee is held straight and the entire lower extremity is flexed at the hip. Caused by tension on the sciatic nerve and its roots. Severe root irritation is indicated when straight raising of the leg on the unaffected side produces pain on the affected side

A

Straight leg-raising sign

37
Q

specific type of broken wrist. displacement of the bone such that the wrist joint rests behind its normal anatomic position. most commonly found after falling on to an outstretched hand

A

Colles’ fracture

38
Q

Swelling behind the knee, also called a popliteal cyst. usually the result of a problem with the knee joint, such as arthritis or a cartilage tear. Both conditions can cause the knee to produce too much fluid, which can lead to this.

A

Baker’s cyst

39
Q

hard, bony outgrowths or gelatinous cysts on the proximal interphalangeal joints (the middle joints of fingers or toes.) They are a sign of osteoarthritis, and are caused by formation of calcific spurs of the articular (joint) cartilage.

A

Bouchard’s nodes

40
Q

hard or bony swellings which can develop in the distal interphalangeal joints (the furthest joints before the tips of the fingers or toes.) They are a sign of osteoarthritis, and are caused by formation of calcific spurs of the articular (joint) cartilage

A

Heberden’s nodes

41
Q

The tissues under the skin on the palm of the hand thicken and shorten so that the tendons connected to the fingers cannot move freely. The palmar fascia becomes hyperplastic and undergoes contracture. As a result, the affected fingers start to bend more and more and cannot be straightened

A

Dupuytren’s contracture

42
Q

bending in (flexion) of the base of the finger, a straightening out (extension) of the middle joint, and a bending in (flexion) of the outermost joint. The most common cause is rheumatoid arthritis

A

Swan neck deformity

43
Q

a deformity in which the middle finger joint is bent in a fixed position inward (toward the palm) and the outermost finger joint is bent excessively outward (away from the palm). This disorder most often results from rheumatoid arthritis but can also occur from injury or osteoarthritis

A

Boutonniere deformity

44
Q

deformity in which the fingertip is curled in and cannot straighten itself. This deformity usually results from injury, which either damages the tendon or tears the tendon from the bone

A

Mallet deformity

45
Q

a thickening of nerve tissue. The most common neuroma in the foot, which occurs at the base of the third and fourth toes. The thickening is the result of compression and irritation of the nerve. This compression creates swelling of the nerve, eventually leading to permanent nerve damage

A

Morton’s neuroma

46
Q

chalky, gritty accumulations of uric acid crystals that build up in the soft tissue of a gouty joint, often occurring in the elbow or the joints of fingers or toes. develop if gout is not treated for an extended period of time

A

Tophi

47
Q

a swelling that often appears on or around joints and tendons in the hand (or sometimes feet). The size of the cyst can vary over time, often becoming more inflamed if irritated. It is most frequently located around the wrist and on the fingers.

A

Ganglion cyst

48
Q

a type of stenosing tenosynovitis in which the sheath around a tendon in a thumb or finger becomes swollen or a nodule forms on the tendon itself. In either case, the tendon can no longer slide freely through its sheath. Affected digits may become painful to straighten once bent, and may make a soft crackling sound when moved. More than one finger may be affected at a time, while it usually affects your thumb or your middle or ring finger. The triggering is usually more pronounced in the morning, or while gripping an object firmly.

A

Trigger finger

49
Q

wry neck

A

torticolis

50
Q

characterized by joint dislocations, pathologic fractures, and debilitating deformities

A

Charcot joint

51
Q

one of the most common causes of knee pain in young athletes. It causes swelling, pain and tenderness just below the knee, over the tibia. When the quadriceps contract, the patellar tendons can start to pull away from the shin bone, causing pain

A

Osgood-Schlatter disease

PE (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions