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government > test review for 4/18 > Flashcards

test review for 4/18 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the highest court in the land

A

Supreme Court

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2
Q

what is the final stage of the Supreme Court’s decision making process

A

Opinion Day

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3
Q

what is an “army” composed of armed citizens (rather than professional soldiers) who can be called out in times of emergency

A

militia

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4
Q

what is the right of a court to review the ruling of a lower court

A

appellate jurisdiction

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5
Q

what is a written statement issued by a judge which gives a law officer the legal right to search for a particular thing in a specific place

A

warrant

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6
Q

what is a short, written statement of a lawyer’s arguments in a case before a court

A

brief

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7
Q

what is a brief filed with the court by an individual who is not a party in a case but has an interest in its outcome

A

amicus curiae

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8
Q

what is a request that a higher court review the case records and verdict of the lower court

A

appeal

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9
Q

what are past court decisions involving similar cases

A

precedents

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9
Q

what hears a case in court and decides whether the defendant is guilty or innocent

A

trial jury

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10
Q

what is the ability of the Supreme Court to decide whether it will hear a case or not

A

discretionary review

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11
Q

the rule that evidence obtained illegally is not admissible in a court of law

A

Exclusionary Rule

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12
Q

what is the historical role of the Supreme Court called where they interpret and apply the Constitution as it stands written and as it was understood by its Framers

A

judicial restraint

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13
Q

what is the belief that judges should go beyond the “four corners of the Constitution” and use the Constitution to change societal behavior

A

judicial activism

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14
Q

what custom serves to remind all the justices that differences of opinion do not preclude harmony of purpose

A

conference handshake

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15
Q

what is material presented as proof at a trial

A

evidence

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16
Q

what is the right of a court of law to hear and decide a case

A

jurisdiction

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17
Q

how many justices serve in the Supreme Court

A

9

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18
Q

in what case did John Marshall assert for the Court the right of judicial review

A

Marbury v Madison

19
Q

what is a statement of an individual citizen’s legal privileges

A

bill of rights

20
Q

what has the most influence on the President and his choice of a federal judge

A

ABA

21
Q

who are the chief decision makers of the federal judiciary

A

judges

22
Q

what is an official examination of available evidence in a court of law

A

trial

23
Q

what is a petition for the Supreme Court to hear a case

A

writ of certiorari

24
Q

what is the right of the Supreme Court to declare a law, or action based upon that law, unconstitutional

A

judicial review

25
Q

what is the most active of the federal judiciary courts

A

US District Court

26
Q

what are briefs filed by individuals who are not parties in the case but still have an interest in the case’s outcome

A

amicus curiae

27
Q

who was a chief justice in the Roe v Wade case

A

Earl Warren

28
Q

what is false speech intended to destroy another person’s reputation

A

slander

29
Q

what is a special military court which tries breaches of military law or cases involving members of the armed forces

A

court-martial

30
Q

what is a crime so serious that it ts punishable by death

A

capital crime

31
Q

amendment: excessive punishment

A

amendment 8

32
Q

amendment: right to keep and bear arms

A

amendment 2

33
Q

amendment: trial by jury

A

amendment 7

34
Q

amendment: prohibited alcohol

A

amendment 18

35
Q

amendment: powers to national government

A

amendment 10

36
Q

amendment: civil rights

A

amendment 14

37
Q

amendment: prohibits the quartering of soldiers

A

amendment 3

38
Q

amendment: person will not have to testify against themselves in court

A

amendment 5

39
Q

amendment: right to a speedy trial

A

amendment 6

40
Q

amendment: women’s suffrage

A

amendment 19

41
Q

amendment: abolished slavery

A

amendment 13

42
Q

what are courts which Congress has created under its authority in Article III

A

constitutional courts

43
Q

what is the right of a court to hear and decide a case

A

jurisdiction

44
Q

who examines the evidence presented by the prosecutor to determine whether there is sufficient evidence against the accused to try a case

A

grand jury

government (13 decks)

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