tetracyclines

Question 1

tetracyclines

Answer 1

effective broad range gram + and -
Tetracyclines are usually recognizable by ending with “cycline”: demeclocycline (Declomycin), doxycycline (Vibramycin, others), minocycline, (Minocin, others), tetracycline (Sumycin, others), tigecycline (Tygacil)

Question 2

Mechanism of action

Answer 2

: inhibits protein synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosomes to slow bacteria growth (bacteriostatic).
doxycycline & minocycline are more lipid soluble & able to cross BBB to treat infections of CNS

Question 3

Uses

Answer 3

granuloma inguinale, rickettsia diseases, mycoplasma infections, spirochetal relapsing fever, Chlamydia, syphilis

Question 4

Side effects

Answer 4

: black “hairy” tongue, teeth, hepatotoxicity, photosensitivity

Question 5

Primary use

Answer 5

treat Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus, cholera, Lyme disease, peptic ulcers (H-pylori infection), Chlamydia; acne vulgaris

Question 6

Adverse effects

Answer 6

superinfections, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, flatulence, discoloration of teeth, photosensitivity, rash, dizziness, stinging/burning with topical applications, dermatitis, hepatotoxicity, drug resistance major concern
PO: administer oral drug with food to decrease GI distress
No milk, iron, antacids, magnesium laxatives (binds and decreases absorption)
May decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives
Contraindicated in pregnancy, severe hepatic disease (hepatotoxicity), & children ≤ 8 years
Avoid direct exposure to sunlight photosensitivity