textbook chapter 2 Flashcards
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According to Harlow’s research, _____ is a vital factor influencing attachment in rhesus monkeys.
Contact comfort
The distress and uneasiness experienced by a young child when away from a person to whom they are attached is
called _____ anxiety
Separation
Explain the meaning of attachment in infancy.
Infants depend on people around them to fulfill their needs (hunger, comfort, etc) and will develop a connection with the people that respond to those needs.
Compare and contrast sensitive and critical periods in development with reference to two key differences.
Sensitive periods are lengths of time during development when someone is more responsive (‘sensitive’) to certain experiences. Rapid acquisition of skills often occurs here.
Critical periods are a length of time during development where someone is susceptible to the deprivation or absence of certain experiences.
Key differences are that unless the developmental change occurs during a critical period, it will permanently affect overall development. Another difference is that sensitive periods occur frequently and critical periods do not occur as often.
How is social behaviour commonly defined in psychology?
Any action that is influenced, directly or indirectly, by the presence of others.
What is the biopsychosocial model of psychological development and wellbeing?
An approach to describing and explaining development through biological, psychological and social factors.
Describe three distinguishing features of the biopsychosocial model’s explanation of psychological development
and wellbeing.
- Factors within each section of the model are affected by / can affect one another
- There is never an equal amount of factors in each section
- Factors from each of the three sections are important for correct development and wellbeing, but can also have negative influence if they are not balanced correctly
Kim is asleep in bed when she is awoken by an unfamiliar sound in her living room. She suspects there is an intruder
in the house. Describe Kim’s emotional response in this situation.
Kim would feel fear, nervousness, anxiety, and her flight-or-flight response would most likely be occurring here.
Distinguish between Piaget’s processes of assimilation and accommodation with reference to an example.
Assimilation is the process of absorbing new information and incorporating it into a pre-existing idea. By using this process we are able to make sense of new information quickly. An example of this is a child may see
a truck and call it a car, because a car is the only type of vehicle that the child has a mental idea of.
Accommodation is changing a pre-existing idea to fit or ‘accommodate’ new information. An example of this is a child seeing the moon and saying “ball” and later changing this idea when they recognise the moon as a different object.
How did Piaget describe abstract thinking?
A way of thinking that doesn’t rely on being able to see, visualise, experience or manipulate.
Give an example of abstract thinking. In which stage of Piaget’s theory is it accomplished?
An example of abstract thinking is being able to understand the concepts of “love” and “justice”.
The stage in which it’s accomplished is Stage 4; the formal operational stage.
A child is unable to classify correctly. Explain this inability with reference to Piaget’s concept of centration.
If a child has not developed the ability to recognise and understand multiple qualities about an object, they will not be able to classify. The concept of centration implies that they can currently only focus on one quality, and classification requires an understanding of various qualities.
What is the Strange Situation procedure used for?
The Strange Situation procedure is used to assess attachment levels and styles in children.
Explain what a psychosocial crisis is with reference to one of the crises identified by Erikson. Ensure you correctly name the crisis.
A psychosocial crisis is a conflict between internal needs and external demands. An example of this is “identity vs role confusion” where an individual is figuring themselves out but is also pressured by society to behave and look a certain way.
How do psychosocial crises influence psychological development?
Our development is influenced by how we resolve crises, or learn to deal with them.
