The Age of Exploration

Question 1

Age of Exploration

Answer 1

• A time period when Europeans began to explore the rest of the world (15th-17th centuries)
• Improvements in mapmaking, shipbuilding, rigging, and navigation made this possible
• Policy of mercantilism drives the exploration

Question 2

Blue Water Sailing

Answer 2

• Sailing across oceans, not just coastal sailing (across the coast of Africa)

Question 3

Blue Water Sailing

Answer 3

• Sailing across oceans, not just coastal sailing (along the coast of Africa)

Question 4

Reasons

Answer 4

• God
• Gold
• Glory

Question 5

God

Answer 5

• Spread Christianity, mainly Catholicism in Spanish colonies

Question 6

Gold

Answer 6

• More money for other countries and people migrating, new trade markets

Question 7

Glory

Answer 7

• Make a name for yourself (humanism), make mother country better than others (nationalism)

Question 8

Caravels

Answer 8

• Had triangular sails that allowed ships to sail against the wind
• A moveable rudder made the caravel more maneuverable

Question 9

Prince Henry

Answer 9

• Henry the Navigator
• started a school of navigations

Question 10

Bartolomeu Dias

Answer 10

• Was a Portuguese Explorer (1487-1488)
• Sailed (accidently) around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa
• Found a route to the Indian Ocean
• Trade can go from Europe to Asia by sea
• Wanted to continue on but his crew refused

Question 11

Vasco da Gama

Answer 11

• Was a Portuguese Explorer (1497-1499)
• Landed in India in 1498 and was able to finish what Dias didn’t
• Important trade route from Europe to India and East Indies
• On his third trip to India, he contracted malaria and died

Question 12

Ferdinand Magellan

Answer 12

• Was a Spanish Explorer (1519)
• First sailed for Portugal but later Spain because they were willing to finance his voyages
• His crew made the first round-the-world voyage
• Proved for certain that the world was wound
• First reached Guam but he was killed in the Philippines and did not make it home

Question 13

Christopher Columbus

Answer 13

• Was a Spanish Explorer (1492-1504)
• Believed a shorter route to Asia could be found by sailing westward instead of around Africa
• Found the Americas instead
• Started the Columbian Exchange

Question 14

Hernando Cortez

Answer 14

• Was a Conquistador
• Took on the Aztecs in Mexico (he wanted all of their gold) and then went on to conquer the Mayans in Yucatan and Guatemala

Question 15

Francisco Pizarro

Answer 15

• Was a Conquistador
• Took on the Incas in Peru and did so with only about 200 men, the Incas had 30,000
• Even though the Inca leader, Atahualpa gave them all the gold they wanted, the Spanish still executed him

Question 16

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Answer 16

• Was a Spanish Explorer (1513)
• He explored the coast of Panama and discovered the Pacific Ocean

Question 17

Juan Ponce de Leon

Answer 17

• Was a Spanish Explorer (1508-1513)
• Conquered Puerto Rico and explored Florida
• Died in a battle with Native Americans in Florida

Question 18

Impact of Exploration (name five)

Answer 18

1. Effects of Exploration on the Americas —
   * Natice Americans were wiped out (by disease), only about 10% left
   * Catholicism spread through Jesuit missionaries
   * Got gold and silver as well as sugar from Latin America
   * Growth of slavery
   * New class of people
   * Peninsulares – Spaniards born in Spain
   * Mestizo – a person of combined European and native American descent
2. Effects of Exploration on Europe —
   * Towns grew
   * New merchant class evolved
   * Increased the wealth of European nations
   * Economic Changes

Question 19

Columbian Exchange

Answer 19

• Massive exchange of plants and animals and diseases

Question 20

Most Important Items (why?)

Answer 20

• These things moved between the New and Old Worlds
• To the Americas — cows, horses, wheat, smallpox, plus much more
• To Europe — potatoes, tomatoes, tobacco, corn, plus much more

Question 21

Triangular Trade

Answer 21

• System of trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas
  Stage 1 — raw materials to Europe (tobacco, rum, sugar)
  Stage 2 — manufactured goods to Africa (guns, cloth, rum)
  Stage 3 — slaves to the Americas to make raw materials

Question 22

Commercial Revolution

Answer 22

• New business and trade practices; growth of overseas trade

Question 23

Capitalism

Answer 23

• Based on private ownership and investment of wealth for profit
• Individuals could make money and not just the government
• Replaced mercantilism eventually in Western Europe

Question 24

Joint-Stock Companies

Answer 24

• “Pool” money together to reduce risk

Question 25

Mercantilism

Answer 25

• A country’s power depended mainly on wealth so government controlled all economic activity
• Government used colonies for raw material to make finished products
• Goal was to attain as much wealth as possible

Question 26

Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 26

• 1493 - Pope Alexander VI = proposed an imaginary dividing line, drawn north to south through the Atlantic Ocean
• All lands west of the line would be Spain’s
• All lands east of the would belong to Portugal
• 1914 - Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas in which they agreed to honor the line