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History > The American Revolution > Flashcards

The American Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

James Otis

A

argued before Massachusetts court

writs of assistance defy natural law

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2
Q

Writs of Assistance

A

search warrants issued to help royal officials stop evasion of Britain’s mercantilist trade restrictions

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3
Q

George Grenville

A

prime minister (1763)
anti-american
dealt with debt from French and Indian War

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4
Q

Pontiac

A

Ottawa (Indian) chief
wanted to drive whites out
failed, but killed a lot of settlers

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5
Q

Navigation Acts (1763)

A

established by George Grenville

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6
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

George Grenville
forbade white settlement west of Appalachians
(make Indians happy)

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7
Q

Sugar/Revenue Act

A

George Grenville

raising revenue, taxing American imported goods

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8
Q

Quartering Act of 1765

A

George Grenville

requires colonies where British troops are stationed to pay for their maintenance

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9
Q

Currency Act of 1764

A

George Grenville

formed colonies from issuing currency not redeemable in gold or silver

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10
Q

Stamp Act

A

George Grenville
direct tax
required Amer.s to purchase revenue stamps on everything
–> “taxation without representation”

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11
Q

Sons of Liberty

A

organized by Samuel Adams
Massachusetts
resistance group
(response to Stamp Act)

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12
Q

Patrick Henry (stamp act)

A

virginia
seven resolutions denouncing the stamp act
–> four of which passed by House of Burgesses

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13
Q

Stamp Act Congress

A

Massachusetts
led by James Otis
called for repeal of Stamp and Sugar Acts
representatives from colonies work together

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14
Q

boycott

A

merchants boycotted British goods

response to Stamp Act

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15
Q

Charles Lord Rockingham

A

replaced George Grenville
appointed by King George III
repealed Stamp Act

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16
Q

Declaratory Act

A

Rockingham
claimed power to tax or make laws for Americans
generally ignored by Americans

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17
Q

Charles Townshend

A

replaced Charles Lord Rockingham (1776)
Townshend Acts
suspended NY legislature (didn’t comply with Quartering Act)

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18
Q

Townshend Acts/Duties

A

taxes on items imported into the colonies
violations will be tried in court
use the writs of assistance
payment for customs officials

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19
Q

John Dickinson

A

“Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania”
Townshend Acts violate “no taxation w/out representation”
Second Continental Congress: lead committee to work out framework for national govt.

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20
Q

Massachusetts Circular Letter

A

urged by Samuel Adams
reiterated Dickinson’s points
urged colonial legislatures to pass petitions
called on Parliament to repeal acts
–> British authorities ordered letter to be withdrawn

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21
Q

Frederick Lord North

A

prime minister after Townshend
repealed all taxes except that on tea
claimed parliament had the right to tax

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22
Q

Boston Massacre

A

labeled by Samuel Adams

five Bostonians killed

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23
Q

John Adams - Boston Massacre

A

lawyer that defended British soldiers –> no charge

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24
Q

Gaspee

A

British ship that was burned by Rhode Islanders dressed as Indians

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25
Q

Committees of Correspondence

A

created in response to Gaspee

for colonial legislatures to communicate regarding British threats

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26
Q

Tea Act of 1773

A

forced Americans to buy cheaper taxed tea from the British East India Company rather than smuggled Dutch tea
Americans would be accepting Parliament’s right to tax them

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27
Q

Thomas Hutchinson

A

ordered Royal Navy vessels to prevent tea ships from leaving the harbor so they would be sold at auction

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28
Q

Boston Tea Party

A

Bostonians disguised as Indians

threw tea into the harbor as a response to Thomas Hutchinson’s order

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29
Q

Coercive Acts

A 
the collective four acts that Britain passed in response to the Boston tea party
Boston Port Act
Massachusetts Government Act
Administration of Justice Act
Quartering Act of 1774
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30
Q

Boston Port Act

A

Coercive Act

closed the port of Boston to trade unless locals agreed to pay for the lost tea

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31
Q

Massachusetts Government Act

A

Coercive Act

increased power of the Massachusetts’ royal governor

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32
Q

Administration of Justice Act

A

Coercive Act

royal officials accused of crime could be tried elsewhere (better chances)

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33
Q

Quartering Act of 1774

A

Coercive Act

allowed governor Thomas Gage to quarter troops anywhere

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34
Q

Quebec Act

A

border of Quebec extended to Ohio River
Roman Catholicism –> Quebec’s official religion
govt. without representative assembly

35
Q

Intolerable Acts

A

Quebec Act and Coercive Acts

36
Q

First Continental Congress

A

response to Coercive Acts
Philadelphia, 1774
Suffolk Resolves: denounced intolerable acts, call for boycott, prepare colony militia
–> rejected

37
Q

Joseph Galloway

A

Pennsylvania
First Continental Congress
argued against Suffolk Resolves
called for union of colonies within empire

38
Q

Thomas Gage

A

British governor
led British army
wanted tp find and destroy weapons at Concord

39
Q

Paul Revere, William Dawes

A

American surveillance that detected movement of the British near Concord

40
Q

John Parker

A

Captain that lead minutemen at lexington

41
Q

Lexington and Concord

A 
Gage wanted to find and destroy weapons at Concord
movement detected
minutemen waiting at Lexington
shot heard round the world
British continued to concord
weapons had already been moved
42
Q

Battle of Bunker Hill

A

bloodiest battle of the war
British tried frontal attack but were thrown back twice
Americans ran out of ammunition

43
Q

Fort Ticonderoga

A

on Lake Champlain

American forces gained this under Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold

44
Q

Richard Montgomery

A

American general led an expedition to Montreal

killed in the attack on Quebec

45
Q

Benedict Arnold

A

took fort ticonderoga
led expedition to Quebec
failed
went over to the British after American defeats

46
Q

Second Continental Congress

A

Philadelphia
New Englanders wanted independence from Britain
Middle Colonies was not ready for that yet
“Declaration of the Causes and Necessity for Taking up Arms”
“Olive Branch Petition”

47
Q

Olive Branch Petition

A

second continental congress

asking George III to restore peace

48
Q

Prohibitory Act

A

King George III

declared colonies in rebellion and no longer under his protection

49
Q

Thomas Paine

A

Common Sense

called for immediate independence

50
Q

Richard Henry Lee

A

Virginia
introduced resolutions: called for independence and a national government
lead to the formation of two committees to work out framework for national govt and draft reasons for declaring independence

51
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

wrote Declaration of Independence

July 4, 1776

52
Q

William Howe

A

replaced general Thomas Gage for the British

53
Q

Hessians

A

germans hired for the British army

came from Hesse-Kassel

54
Q

Dorchester Heights

A

Washington put cannons here to force British evacuation

55
Q

Battle of Long Island

A

Howe v. Washington
Howe went to New York, Washington anticipated and ordered it to be defended
badly outnumbered
British victory

56
Q

Battle of Washington Heights

A

British victory

Washington forced to retreat across New Jersey

57
Q

Battle of Trenton

A

Washington and troops crossed Delaware river on Christmas night
struck Hessians at Trenton
American Victory

58
Q

Battle of Princeton

A

followed the Battle of Trenton

American Victory

59
Q

Role of France early on

A

shipped arms to Americans to weaken the British

60
Q

Brandywine Creek

A

Howe shipped army to Chesapeake bay
American army remained intact
Howe occupied Philadelphia
British victory

61
Q

Battle of Germantown

A

Washington tried to drive Howe out of Philadelphia - failed

British victory

62
Q

Battle of Oriskany

A 
British troops + Iroquois Indians
British commander: Barry St. Leger
American general: Nicholas Herkimer (killed)
Britain forced to withdraw to Canada
American victory
63
Q

Battle of Bennington

A

American commander: General John Stark

American Victory

64
Q

Battle of Saratoga

A

British general: Burgoyne
American general: Horatio Gates, Benedict Arnold
Americans blocked British –> British surrender
American Victory
French openly joined the war against british

65
Q

Henry Clinton

A

British general that replaced General Howe
chose to abandon Philadelphia and go to New York
captured Georgia and South Carolina and Charleston

66
Q

Benjamin Lincoln

A

American General that surrendered Charleston to Henry Clinton

67
Q

Battle of Camden

A

South Carolina
American General: Horatio Gates
British General: Cornwallis
British Victory

68
Q

Siege of Fort Vincennes

A

American general: Rogers clark
American Victory
secured area north of Ohio river

69
Q

Battle of Kings Mountain

A

South Carolina
Cornwallis’ force split
British general: Patrick Ferguson
American Victory

70
Q

Battle of Cowpens

A

South Carolina
American general: Nathaniel Greene
American victory

71
Q

Nathaniel Greene

A

Washington’s subordinate
brilliant strategy
won at battle of Cowpens

72
Q

Battle of Yorktown

A 
Virginia
American General: George Washington
British general: Cornwallis
French fleet took Chesapeake bay
French and Amer army sealed land approaches to Yorktown
trapped Cornwallis --> surrendered
American Victory
73
Q

John Paul Jones

A

captured British merchant ships

74
Q

Treaty of Paris American Team

A

Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, John Jay

75
Q

Treaty of Paris of 1783

A
  1. US is independent
  2. western boundary: Mississippi River
  3. Southern boundary: 31 N. latitude (Florida)
  4. Britain kept Canada, gave Florida to Spain
  5. British creditors could collect debts from US citizens
  6. Congress recommended states restore loyalist property
76
Q

Article of Confederation

A

John Dickinson

  1. unicameral Congress
  2. each state = one vote
  3. executive authority: committee of 13: each state = one member
  4. amendments required unanimous consent
  5. govt. could make war, treaties, distribute troops and money, settle disputes, admit new states, and borrow money
77
Q

Articles of Confederation: weaknesses

A
  1. could not levy taxes
  2. could not raise troops
  3. could not regulate commerce
78
Q

Newburgh Conspiracy

A

Horatio Gates would lead the possible army to force states to surrender more power to national govt.
movement was stopped

79
Q

Daniel Boone

A

“wilderness road”

explored the trans-appalachian frontier

80
Q

Land Ordinance of 1784

A

territorial govt. and orderly system

each territory could progress to full statehood

81
Q

Land Ordinance of 1785

A

orderly surveying and distribution of land

82
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A

bill of rights for settlers
forbade slavery north of Ohio River
created 3-5 territories

83
Q

John Jay

A

negotiated treaty with Spanish - Gardoqui

  1. US accept Spain’s presence of the Mississippi River for agricultural goods
  2. US gets commercial privileges
    - -> negotiations broken off
84
Q

Shays’ Rebellion

A

Massachusetts famers
led by Daniel Shays
shut down courts to prevent judges from seizing property or condemning them to debtors’ prison
–> Boston created an army as a response which suppressed the rebellion
–> showed that a stronger govt. was needed

History (1 decks)

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