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CVR > The cardiovascular system- the heart > Flashcards

The cardiovascular system- the heart Flashcards

1
Q

The right side of the heart recieves…

A

Oxygen poor blood from body tissues and then pumps this blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and dispel Co2.

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2
Q

Blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs form the..

A

Pulmonary circuit

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3
Q

Left side of the heart receives…

A

oxygenated blood returning from the lungs and pumps this blood throughout the body to supply oxygen and nutrients to body tissues.

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4
Q

The blood vessels that carry blood to and from all body tissues form the…

A

Systemic cirucit.

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5
Q

The right atrium recieves blood…

A

Returning from the systemic circuit

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6
Q

The left atrium receives blood….

A

returning from the pulmonary circuit

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7
Q

Right ventricle pumps blood…

A

Into the pulmonary circuit

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8
Q

The left ventricle pumps blood…

A

into the systemic circuit

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9
Q

Mediastinum

A

Medial cavity of the thorax

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10
Q

Pericardium

A

Heart is enclosed in this
It is a double walled sac.

Protects the heart
Anchors the heart
Prevents overfilling of the heart

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11
Q

Fibrous pericardium

A

Loosely fitting superficial part of the pericardium

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12
Q

Serous pericardium

A

Deep to fibrous pericardium

Thin slippery two layer serous membrane that forms a closed sac around the heart.

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13
Q

Parietal layer

A

Lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium.

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14
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Between the parietal and visceral layer rs, which contains a film of serous fluid.

Lubricated fluid allows them to glide

Heart is able to work in a friction free environment.

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15
Q

Visceral layer

A

The innermost layer of the pericardium

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16
Q

Epicardium

A

Visceral layer of serous pericardium

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17
Q

Myocardium

A

Composed mainly of cardiac muscle and forms the bulk of the heart

This is the layer that contracts

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18
Q

Endocardium

A

Glistening white sheetof endothelium resting on a thin connective tissue layer.

located on the inner myocardial surface, it lines the heart chambers and covers the fibrous skeleton of valves.

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19
Q

Interatrial septum

A

Divides the heart longitudinally where it seperates the atria

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20
Q

Interventricular septum

A

Where it divides the ventricles

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21
Q

Coronary sulcus

A

encircles the junction of the atria and ventricles like a crown.

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22
Q

Blood enters right side of the heart via which three veins…

A

Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus

23
Q

Superior vena cava

A

returns blood from body regions superior to the diaphragm

24
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

Returns blood from body areas below the diaphragm

25
Q

Coronary sinus

A

Collects blood draining from the myocardium

26
Q

Trabeculae carnae

A

Mark the internal walls of the ventricular chambers

27
Q

Papillary muscles

A

Play a role in valve function

Project into the ventricular cavity

28
Q

Pulmonary trunk

A

Right ventricle pumps blood here

Which routes the blood to the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

29
Q

Aorta

A

The left ventricle ejects blood into the aorta

30
Q

Name the two Av valves

Their role

A

Tricuspid valve
Mitral valve

Prevent backflow when the ventricles contract.

31
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

The rigth AV valve

Has three flexible cusps

32
Q

Mitral valve

A

Left AV valve

Sometimes called the bicuspid valve

33
Q

Chordae tendinaea

A

Attached to each AV valve flap are tiny white collagen cords.

These anchor the cusps to the papillary muscles protruding the ventricular walls.

34
Q

Describe the function of the AV valves

A

1) Blood returns to the heart fills atria, pressing agains the AV valves. This pressure forces AV valves to open.
2) As ventricles fill, AV valve flaps hang limply into ventricles
3) Atria contract, forcing additional blood into the ventricles.

1) ventricles contract, forcing blood against the Av valve cusps
2) AV valves close
3) Papillary muscles contract and chordae tendinae tighten, preventing valve flaps

35
Q

Semilunar valves

A

Aortic and pulmonary valves.

Guard the bases of the large arteries issuing from the ventricles (aorta and pulmonary trunk) and prevent backflow into the ventricles.

36
Q

Function of the semilunar valves-

A

As ventricles contract and intraventricular pressure rises, blood is pushed up against semilunar valves, forcing them open.

As ventricles relax and intraventricular pressure falls, blood flows back from arteries, filling the cusps of semilunar valves and forcing them to close.

37
Q

Blood flow through the heart

A

Oxygen poor blood:

1) Superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus
2) Rigth atrium
3) Through thte tricuspid valve to the right ventricle
4) Through the pulmonary semilunar valve

Goes to pulmonary circuit to the lungs

Oxygen rich blood

1) Returns via four pulmonary veins.
2) Left atrium
3) Throught the mitral valve to teh left ventricle
4) Through the aortic semilunar valve to the aorta
5) Returns to the systemic circuit

38
Q

What walls of ventricle are thicker

A

Left

left generates more pressure

39
Q

Left coronary artery

A

Divides into two major branches

Anterior interventricular artery
Circumflex artery

40
Q

Anterior interventricular artery

A

Follows trhe anterior interventricular sulcus and supplies the interventricular septum and anterior walls of both ventricles

41
Q

Circumflex artery

A

Supplies the left atrium and posterior walls of the left ventricle.

42
Q

Right coronary artery branches

A

Rigth marginal artery
Posterior interventricular artery

43
Q

Right marginal artery

A

Serves the myocardium of the lateral right side of the heart

44
Q

Posterior interventricular artery

A

Runs to the heart apex and supplies the posterior ventricular walls

45
Q

P wave

A

Results from the movment of depolarisation wave from the SA node through the atria.

46
Q

QRS complex

A

Results from ventricular depolarisation and preceds ventricular contraction.

47
Q

T wave

A

Caused by ventricular repolarisation

Repolarisation is slower than depolarisation

48
Q

P-R interval

A

Is the time from the beginning of atrial excitation to the beginning of ventricular excitation

49
Q

St segment

A

When the action potentials of the ventricular myocytes are in the plateau phases, the entire ventricular myocardiumis polarised.

50
Q

Normal sinus rhythm

A

Normal ECG rhythm

51
Q

Junctional rhythm

A

SA node is nonfunctional

P waves are absent
The AV node paces the heart at 40-60 BPM

52
Q

Second degree heart block

A

The AV node fails to conduct some SA node impulses

As a result, there aere more P waves than QRS waves
In this tracing, there are usually two P waves for each QRS wave.

53
Q
A

CVR (11 decks)

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